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Logic & Philosophy — Model Syllabus Roadmap

22 Official 2024 Lecturer Disciplines — Syllabus Directory · Subjects 12–22

Useful for: SSB Lecturer (Degree Colleges)

Overview

Logic and philosophy cover Indian and Western philosophy, ethics and formal logic.

Key points

Indian philosophy: Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Sankhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, Vedanta, Buddhist and Jain schools.
Nyaya accepts four pramanas: pratyaksha, anumana, upamana, shabda.
Western philosophy: Plato, Aristotle, Descartes ("cogito ergo sum"), Kant.
Logic: deductive and inductive reasoning, syllogism (Aristotle).
Propositional logic and truth tables.
Fallacies and critical thinking.

Explanation

Ethics: virtue, duty and consequences.
Charvaka is the materialist school.
Advaita Vedanta was developed by Shankaracharya.
Logic questions test validity, not truth of premises.

Step by step

Place the question in its unit of the syllabus.
Recall the theory, thinker, law or work involved.
Eliminate options from other schools, periods or units.

Examples

"I think, therefore I am" → Descartes.
Four pramanas → Nyaya.
Syllogistic logic → Aristotle.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Confusing validity and truth.
Trap: Mixing Indian schools.
Trap: Wrong pramana count.

Quick revision

Indian and Western schools.
Nyaya pramanas.
Deductive vs inductive.

Practice MCQs

Idealism in education emphasises —
1. material comfort
2. mind, ideas and spiritual values
3. only vocational skills
4. only experiments
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Answer: (b) mind, ideas and spiritual values. Plato and Hegel; the teacher is a model and guide.
Naturalism in education is associated mainly with —
1. Rousseau
2. Plato
3. Dewey
4. Aurobindo
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Answer: (a) Rousseau. Rousseau’s Emile: education according to nature.
Pragmatism in education is associated mainly with —
1. John Dewey
2. Froebel
3. Plato
4. Vivekananda
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Answer: (a) John Dewey. Learning by doing; experience and problem solving.
Existentialism in education emphasises —
1. uniform mass training
2. individual freedom and responsibility
3. only science
4. obedience to tradition
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Answer: (b) individual freedom and responsibility. Each learner creates meaning through choices.
The branch of philosophy that deals with values (ethics and aesthetics) is —
1. metaphysics
2. epistemology
3. axiology
4. logic
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Answer: (c) axiology. Axiology = theory of value.
Epistemology deals with —
1. the nature of reality
2. the nature and sources of knowledge
3. beauty only
4. the structure of the state
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Answer: (b) the nature and sources of knowledge. How we know what we know.
Metaphysics deals with —
1. ultimate reality and existence
2. teaching methods
3. examination reform
4. school buildings
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Answer: (a) ultimate reality and existence. Questions about what is real.
The view that truth is what works in practice belongs to —
1. idealism
2. pragmatism
3. realism
4. existentialism
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Answer: (b) pragmatism. Truth is tested by consequences.