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Nutrition & Deficiency

General Science · Biology & Environment

Useful for: Railway RRB, OSEPA Upper Primary — Science, OSSC Science, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ, SSB Lecturer (Degree Colleges), SSB TGT CBZ

Overview

A balanced diet supplies carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre; deficiencies cause specific diseases.

Key points

Vitamin A — night blindness; B1 — beriberi; C — scurvy; D — rickets; K — poor blood clotting.
Iron — anaemia; iodine — goitre; calcium — weak bones and teeth.
Kwashiorkor: protein deficiency; marasmus: deficiency of protein and energy.
Carbohydrates and fats give energy; proteins build the body.
Fibre helps digestion.

Explanation

Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K; water-soluble: B and C.
Sunlight helps the skin make vitamin D.
Iodised salt prevents goitre.
Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C.

Step by step

Identify the concept or law involved.
Recall the definition, unit or formula.
Check units and the direction of the effect before choosing.

Examples

Goitre is caused by deficiency of → iodine.
Rickets is caused by deficiency of → vitamin D.
Kwashiorkor is caused by deficiency of → protein.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Mixing vitamin–disease pairs.
Trap: Calling vitamin C fat-soluble.
Trap: Confusing kwashiorkor and marasmus.

Quick revision

Vitamin ↔ disease table.
A, D, E, K fat-soluble.
Iodine → goitre.

Practice MCQs

Insulin is secreted by which organ?
1. Pancreas
2. Liver
3. Kidney
4. Thyroid
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Answer: (a) Pancreas. Insulin is secreted by Pancreas.
Stainless steel contains iron with chromium and commonly which other element?
1. Mercury
2. Nickel
3. Calcium
4. Sodium
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Answer: (b) Nickel. Stainless steel contains iron with chromium and commonly Nickel.
Vitamin A deficiency is classically associated with what?
1. Night blindness
2. Scurvy
3. Rickets
4. Anaemia only
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Answer: (a) Night blindness. Vitamin A deficiency is classically associated with Night blindness.
What is the common chemical name of baking soda?
1. Sodium hydrogen carbonate
2. Calcium carbonate
3. Sodium chloride
4. Sodium hydroxide
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Answer: (a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is the common chemical name of baking soda.
Which is the largest organ of the human body?
1. Liver
2. Lung
3. Skin
4. Heart
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Answer: (c) Skin. Skin is the largest organ of the human body.
Night blindness is caused by deficiency of vitamin —
1. A
2. B1
3. C
4. D
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Answer: (a) A. Vitamin A.
Scurvy is caused by deficiency of vitamin —
1. D
2. K
3. A
4. C
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Answer: (d) C. Vitamin C.
Rickets is caused by deficiency of vitamin —
1. E
2. A
3. B12
4. D
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Answer: (d) D. Vitamin D.
Beriberi is caused by deficiency of vitamin —
1. B1
2. C
3. K
4. A
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Answer: (a) B1. Thiamine.
Poor blood clotting is linked to deficiency of vitamin —
1. A
2. D
3. K
4. C
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Answer: (c) K. Vitamin K.