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Differentiated instruction and learner support

Pedagogy

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, OSEPA Primary Teacher / JT Category-I, OSEPA Upper Primary — Arts, OSEPA Upper Primary — Science, OSSC Art Education Instructor, OSSC Foundation Course, OSSSC Govt Physical Education Teacher (PET), OSSSC Govt TGT Arts

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OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — PCM, SSB Language Teachers, SSB PET, SSB TGT Arts, SSB TGT CBZ, SSB TGT PCM

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Overview

Differentiated instruction adapts content, process, product and environment to learners’ readiness, interests and learning profiles.

Key points

Carol Ann Tomlinson is a leading proponent of differentiated instruction.
Teachers can differentiate content, process, product and learning environment.
Flexible grouping changes groups based on needs.
Tiered tasks offer the same goal at different levels of challenge.
Learner support includes scaffolds, assistive devices and extra time.
The RPWD Act (2016) requires inclusive education and reasonable accommodation.

Explanation

Differentiation is not separate syllabi for each child.
Gifted learners also need differentiated challenge.
Universal Design for Learning plans for diversity from the start.
Collaboration with special educators helps.
Assessment can allow different ways to show learning.

Step by step

Identify the concept or theory the situation is testing.
Recall the thinker, principle or policy behind it.
Prefer options that are child-centred, inclusive and evidence-based; reject punitive or rote options.

Examples

Students read texts at different levels on the same topic → differentiated content.
A child with low vision gets large-print material → reasonable accommodation.
Advanced learners design their own experiment while others follow a guided one → tiered task.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Labelling children permanently.
Trap: Lowering goals instead of providing support.
Trap: Ignoring gifted learners.

Quick revision

Tomlinson.
Content, process, product, environment.
RPWD 2016.

Practice MCQs

A leading proponent of differentiated instruction is —
1. Jean Piaget
2. B. F. Skinner
3. Maria Montessori
4. Carol Ann Tomlinson
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Answer: (d) Carol Ann Tomlinson. Tomlinson is closely associated with differentiation.
Teachers can differentiate content, process, product and —
1. learning environment
2. fees
3. school name
4. attendance
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Answer: (a) learning environment. The four areas are content, process, product and environment.
Students reading texts at different levels on the same topic shows differentiation of —
1. fees
2. uniform
3. timetable
4. content
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Answer: (d) content. Varying material is content differentiation.
Flexible grouping means —
1. grouping by height
2. fixed groups for the whole year
3. changing groups based on needs
4. no groups
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Answer: (c) changing groups based on needs. Groups change according to readiness and purpose.
Tiered tasks give —
1. only easy work
2. different goals to each child
3. the same goal at different levels of challenge
4. no goals
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Answer: (c) the same goal at different levels of challenge. Tiered tasks keep the goal and vary challenge.
Large-print material for a child with low vision is —
1. reasonable accommodation
2. unfair advantage
3. punishment
4. segregation
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Answer: (a) reasonable accommodation. Accommodations ensure access.
Which Act requires inclusive education and reasonable accommodation?
1. IT Act, 2000
2. Factories Act, 1948
3. RPWD Act, 2016
4. Companies Act, 2013
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Answer: (c) RPWD Act, 2016. The RPWD Act (2016) requires it.
Differentiation also means challenging —
1. nobody
2. only weak learners
3. only teachers
4. gifted learners
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Answer: (d) gifted learners. Gifted learners need extension too.
Planning for diversity from the start is the idea of —
1. streaming
2. rote learning
3. detention
4. Universal Design for Learning
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Answer: (d) Universal Design for Learning. UDL plans lessons for all learners from the beginning.