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Analogy

Reasoning Ability

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, OSEPA Primary Teacher / JT Category-I, OSEPA Upper Primary — Arts, OSEPA Upper Primary — Science, OSSSC Govt Physical Education Teacher (PET), OSSSC Govt TGT Arts, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — PCM

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Overview

Number analogies hide arithmetic rules (squares, cubes, multiples, digit operations); word analogies hide category or function rules.

Key points

Squares and cubes: 3 : 9 :: 5 : 25 or 3 : 27 :: 5 : 125.
N² + 1, n² − 1, n³ + 1, n³ − 1 patterns are very common.
Multiples: 6 : 42 :: 8 : 56 (× 7).
Digit patterns: 23 : 6 (product of digits) :: 45 : 20.
Word types: synonym, antonym, part–whole, worker–tool, young one (Dog : Puppy).

Explanation

Learn squares to 30 and cubes to 15 for quick recognition.
Check whether the rule holds for every pair in the question, not just one.
For four-number sets, the rule may link 1st with 2nd and 3rd with 4th separately.
Prime-related analogies: 7 : 11 (next prime) :: 13 : 17.

Step by step

Find the exact relationship in the given pair or pattern.
Apply the same relationship to the question part.
Check the chosen option against every condition.

Examples

3 : 27 :: 5 : 125 (cube).
6 : 35 :: 8 : ? → 6² − 1 = 35, so 8² − 1 = 63.
Dog : Puppy :: Cat : Kitten (animal : young one).

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Stopping at the first rule that fits one pair.
Trap: Missing ± 1 adjustments to squares and cubes.
Trap: Confusing young ones (Cow : Calf, Horse : Foal).

Quick revision

Squares to 30, cubes to 15.
Check n² ± 1 and n³ ± 1.
Rule must fit all given pairs.

Practice MCQs

Complete the analogy: 8 : 64 :: 5 : ?
1. 25
2. 125
3. 40
4. 30
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Answer: (a) 25. 64 = 8²; so 5² = 25.
Book : Author :: Painting : ?
1. Canvas
2. Painter
3. Colour
4. Museum
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Answer: (b) Painter. Creator relationship.
4 : 20 :: 5 : ? (same rule)
1. 33
2. 25
3. 37
4. 29
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Answer: (d) 29. Rule: x → x²+4.
5 : 30 :: 6 : ? (same rule)
1. 46
2. 41
3. 36
4. 51
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Answer: (b) 41. Rule: x → x²+5.
7 : 56 :: 8 : ? (same rule)
1. 78
2. 64
3. 85
4. 71
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Answer: (d) 71. Rule: x → x²+7.
8 : 72 :: 9 : ? (same rule)
1. 105
2. 81
3. 89
4. 97
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Answer: (c) 89. Rule: x → x²+8.
9 : 83 :: 10 : ? (same rule)
1. 100
2. 106
3. 102
4. 104
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Answer: (c) 102. Rule: x → x²+2.
64 : 4104 :: 65 : ? (same rule)
1. 4233
2. 4225
3. 4241
4. 4249
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Answer: (a) 4233. Rule: x → x²+8.
66 : 4359 :: 67 : ? (same rule)
1. 4495
2. 4498
3. 4492
4. 4489
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Answer: (c) 4492. Rule: x → x²+3.
If 3 : 11 follows the rule a²+b with b=2, then 9 : ? follows the same rule with b=10.
1. 91
2. 100
3. 82
4. 109
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Answer: (a) 91. Correct answer: 91. Apply the core rule for Connect “91” with the exact wording of the question.
If 3 : 11 follows the rule a²+b with b=2, then 8 : ? follows the same rule with b=9.
1. 65
2. 73
3. 89
4. 81
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Answer: (b) 73. Correct answer: 73. Apply the core rule for Connect “73” with the exact wording of the question.
If 3 : 11 follows the rule a²+b with b=2, then 6 : ? follows the same rule with b=7.
1. 55
2. 49
3. 43
4. 37
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Answer: (c) 43. Correct answer: 43. Apply the core rule for Connect “43” with the exact wording of the question.
If 3 : 11 follows the rule a²+b with b=2, then 5 : ? follows the same rule with b=6.
1. 31
2. 41
3. 36
4. 26
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Answer: (a) 31. Correct answer: 31. Apply the core rule for Connect “31” with the exact wording of the question.
If 3 : 11 follows the rule a²+b with b=2, then 7 : ? follows the same rule with b=8.
1. 57
2. 64
3. 71
4. 50
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Answer: (a) 57. Correct answer: 57. Apply the core rule for Connect “57” with the exact wording of the question.
If 3 : 11 follows the rule a²+b with b=2, then 3 : ? follows the same rule with b=4.
1. 10
2. 16
3. 13
4. 19
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Answer: (c) 13. Correct answer: 13. Apply the core rule for Connect “13” with the exact wording of the question.

Analogy

Overview

Key points

Explanation

Step by step

Examples

Traps and advanced points

Quick revision

Practice MCQs

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