होम › परीक्षा नोट्स › UGC NET › Measurement and Scales

Measurement and Scales

Research Skills

इन परीक्षाओं के लिए उपयोगी: UGC NET, CSIR NET, Central Univ./IIT/NIT Faculty, OPSC Assistant Professor, OPSC PGT, OSSC Art Education Instructor, OSSC Economics, OSSC English

और 9 परीक्षाएँ

OSSC Foundation Course, OSSC Geography, OSSC History, OSSC Mathematics, OSSC Odia, OSSC Physical Education Instructor, OSSC Political Science, SSB Lecturer / PGT, SSB Lecturer (Degree Colleges)

Read in English

सार

शोध उपकरण आँकड़े एकत्र करते हैं; मापन उपयुक्त पैमानों के प्रयोग से चरों को संख्याएँ या श्रेणियाँ देता है।

मुख्य बिंदु

स्टीवेंस (1946) ने चार पैमाने बताए: नामित, क्रमसूचक, अंतराल और अनुपात।
नामित: श्रेणियाँ (लिंग); क्रमसूचक: क्रम; अंतराल: समान अंतराल पर वास्तविक शून्य नहीं (°C में तापमान); अनुपात: वास्तविक शून्य (लंबाई, आय)।
लिकर्ट मापनी (रेंसिस लिकर्ट, 1932) सहमति के स्तरों का प्रयोग करती है, सामान्यतः पाँच बिंदु।
प्रश्नावली उत्तरदाता स्वयं भरता है; साक्षात्कार अनुसूची शोधकर्ता भरता है।
अवलोकन अनुसूचियाँ व्यवहार को व्यवस्थित रूप से दर्ज करती हैं।
उपकरणों का प्रायोगिक परीक्षण और विश्वसनीयता-वैधता की जाँच होनी चाहिए।

व्याख्या

खुले प्रश्न गहराई देते हैं; बंद प्रश्नों का विश्लेषण आसान है।
दोहरे अर्थ वाले और सुझाव देने वाले प्रश्नों से बचें।
अर्थ-विभेदक मापनी विपरीत विशेषणों का प्रयोग करती है।
समाजमिति (सोशियोमेट्री) समूह के संबंधों का मानचित्र बनाती है (मोरेनो)।
पैमाना तय करता है कि कौन-सी सांख्यिकी प्रयोग हो सकती है।

चरण-दर-चरण

पूछी गई अवधारणा, विधि या नीति पहचानें।
परिभाषा, विचारक, वर्ष या नियम याद करें।
उसे स्थिति पर लागू करें और अतिवादी विकल्प हटाएँ।

उदाहरण

कक्षा में स्थान (रैंक) → क्रमसूचक पैमाना।
वास्तविक शून्य वाले 100 में से अंक → अनुपात पैमाना।
"क्या आपको शिक्षक और पाठ्यपुस्तक पसंद हैं?" → दोहरे अर्थ वाला प्रश्न।

ग़लतियों से बचें और उन्नत बिंदु

सामान्य भूल: तापमान को अनुपात पैमाना कहना।
सामान्य भूल: सुझाव देने वाले प्रश्न।
सामान्य भूल: प्रायोगिक परीक्षण छोड़ देना।

त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

नामित, क्रमसूचक, अंतराल, अनुपात (स्टीवेंस 1946)।
लिकर्ट 1932।
उपकरणों का प्रायोगिक परीक्षण।

अभ्यास MCQ

1 किलोग्राम बराबर है —
1. 100 g
2. 500 g
3. 1000 g
4. 10 g
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (c) 1000 g. 1 kg = 1000 g.
In a scientific investigation of Measurement, which action is most appropriate?
1. Changing the unit can remove an instrument error.
2. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.
3. A single reading is always sufficient regardless of variability.
4. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (b) Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.
In scientific reasoning, which statement about Measurement is NOT appropriate?
1. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
2. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.
3. A single reading is always sufficient regardless of variability.
4. The method should be chosen according to the question, evidence and limitations relevant to Measurement.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (c) A single reading is always sufficient regardless of variability.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.
In a scientific investigation, a student reviews evidence about Measurement. Which conclusion is best supported?
1. More decimal places automatically make a reading more accurate.
2. Changing the unit can remove an instrument error.
3. A single reading is always sufficient regardless of variability.
4. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (d) A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.
For scientific work involving Measurement, which practice would most improve quality?
1. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.
2. Changing the unit can remove an instrument error.
3. A single reading is always sufficient regardless of variability.
4. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (a) Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.
In a scientific laboratory discussion on Measurement, which statement should the group accept?
1. A single reading is always sufficient regardless of variability.
2. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
3. More decimal places automatically make a reading more accurate.
4. Changing the unit can remove an instrument error.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (b) A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.
When planning a scientific investigation, which choice applies Measurement correctly?
1. More decimal places automatically make a reading more accurate.
2. Changing the unit can remove an instrument error.
3. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.
4. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (c) Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.
While checking a scientific result for error, which statement about Measurement is most defensible?
1. Changing the unit can remove an instrument error.
2. A single reading is always sufficient regardless of variability.
3. More decimal places automatically make a reading more accurate.
4. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (d) A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.
In scientific reasoning, which interpretation of Measurement is consistent with good practice?
1. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
2. A single reading is always sufficient regardless of variability.
3. More decimal places automatically make a reading more accurate.
4. Changing the unit can remove an instrument error.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (a) A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.
Before reporting a scientific result involving Measurement, which principle should be followed?
1. More decimal places automatically make a reading more accurate.
2. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.
3. Changing the unit can remove an instrument error.
4. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (b) Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters.. A measurement is meaningful only when the quantity, unit, instrument resolution and method are appropriate to the purpose. Report only the precision supported by the instrument and repeat measurements when random variation matters. This question tests whether the method and conclusion match the evidence. For Measurement, distinguish what is actually measured or controlled from what is merely assumed, and report only what the data and method justify.

इस अध्याय के अन्य टॉपिक

नोट्स और प्रश्न Kundali IQ ने अभ्यास हेतु लिखे हैं। ये आधिकारिक प्रश्नपत्र नहीं हैं; पाठ्यक्रम और पैटर्न हेतु सदा नवीनतम आधिकारिक अधिसूचना देखें।