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होम › परीक्षा नोट्स › OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher › Direct & Indirect Speech

Direct & Indirect Speech

English Language

इन परीक्षाओं के लिए उपयोगी: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, OSEPA Primary Teacher / JT Category-I, OSEPA Upper Primary — Arts, OSEPA Upper Primary — Science, OSSC English, OSSSC Govt Physical Education Teacher (PET), OSSSC Govt TGT Arts, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ

और 4 परीक्षाएँ

OSSSC Govt TGT Science — PCM, SSB Language Teachers, SSB Lecturer (Degree Colleges), SSB TGT Arts

Read in English

सार

कथन-परिवर्तन कहे गए शब्दों को सर्वनाम, काल, समयसूचक शब्द और वाक्य-प्रकार के बदलाव के साथ अप्रत्यक्ष कथन में बदलता है।

मुख्य बिंदु

  • विधान वाक्य: said → said that; said to → told।
  • काल पीछे: is → was, has done → had done, will → would, can → could।
  • प्रश्न: हाँ/नहीं वाले → if/whether; wh-प्रश्नों में wh-शब्द रहता है; क्रम कथन जैसा।
  • आदेश/अनुरोध: told/ordered/requested + कर्म + (not) to + क्रिया।
  • समयसूचक शब्द: today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, ago → before।

व्याख्या

  • सार्वभौमिक सत्यों में या सूचक क्रिया वर्तमान काल में हो तो काल पीछे नहीं जाता।
  • विस्मयादिबोधक: exclaimed with joy/sorrow that…।
  • "Let’s" → suggested that we should…।
  • सर्वनाम वक्ता और श्रोता के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

चरण-दर-चरण

  1. पहले पूरा वाक्य या गद्यांश पढ़ें।
  2. सटीक व्याकरण या शब्दावली नियम लगाएँ।
  3. अंतिम उत्तर को संदर्भ में दोबारा पढ़ें।

उदाहरण

  • He said, "I will finish it tomorrow." → He said that he would finish it the next day. (काल: will → would; समय: tomorrow → the next day)
  • She asked me, "Where do you live?" → She asked me where I lived. (कथन जैसा क्रम)
  • He said, "Let’s go for a walk." → He suggested that we should go for a walk. (Let’s → suggested, सुझाव)

ग़लतियों से बचें और उन्नत बिंदु

  • सामान्य भूल: प्रश्नवाचक क्रम बनाए रखना।
  • सामान्य भूल: सार्वभौमिक सत्यों का काल बदलना।
  • सामान्य भूल: समयसूचक शब्द बदलना भूल जाना।

त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

  • काल एक कदम पीछे।
  • हाँ/नहीं प्रश्नों के लिए if/whether।
  • Let’s → suggested।

अभ्यास MCQ

  1. Before the Jaipur interview, Tara said, “I am calm.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Tara said that I am calm.
    2. Tara said that she is calm yesterday.
    3. Tara told that she was calm.
    4. Tara said that she was calm.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) Tara said that she was calm.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

  2. Before the Jaipur interview, Arjun said, “I am prepared.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Arjun said that I am prepared.
    2. Arjun told that he was prepared.
    3. Arjun said that he is prepared yesterday.
    4. Arjun said that he was prepared.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) Arjun said that he was prepared.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

  3. Before the Jaipur interview, Asha said, “I am tired.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Asha said that I am tired.
    2. Asha told that she was tired.
    3. Asha said that she was tired.
    4. Asha said that she is tired yesterday.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c) Asha said that she was tired.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

  4. Before the Jaipur interview, Ravi said, “I am confident.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Ravi said that he was confident.
    2. Ravi told that he was confident.
    3. Ravi said that I am confident.
    4. Ravi said that he is confident yesterday.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) Ravi said that he was confident.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

  5. Before the Jaipur interview, Meera said, “I am busy.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Meera said that I am busy.
    2. Meera said that she is busy yesterday.
    3. Meera said that she was busy.
    4. Meera told that she was busy.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c) Meera said that she was busy.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

  6. Before the Jaipur interview, Kabir said, “I am careful.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Kabir said that he is careful yesterday.
    2. Kabir told that he was careful.
    3. Kabir said that he was careful.
    4. Kabir said that I am careful.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c) Kabir said that he was careful.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

  7. Before the Jaipur interview, Nisha said, “I am optimistic.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Nisha said that I am optimistic.
    2. Nisha said that she is optimistic yesterday.
    3. Nisha said that she was optimistic.
    4. Nisha told that she was optimistic.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c) Nisha said that she was optimistic.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

  8. Before the Jaipur interview, Dev said, “I am late.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Dev said that he is late yesterday.
    2. Dev said that he was late.
    3. Dev told that he was late.
    4. Dev said that I am late.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) Dev said that he was late.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

  9. Before the Mysuru interview, Meera said, “I am busy.” Choose the correct indirect form.

    1. Meera said that she is busy yesterday.
    2. Meera said that she was busy.
    3. Meera said that I am busy.
    4. Meera told that she was busy.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) Meera said that she was busy.. With a past reporting verb, present tense generally backshifts.

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