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Sculpture

Art Education

Useful for: OSSC Art Education Instructor

Overview

Sculpture creates three-dimensional forms by modelling, carving, casting or assembling materials.

Key points

Modelling adds material (clay).
Carving removes material (stone, wood).
The lost-wax (cire perdue) method casts metal; the bronze "Dancing Girl" of Mohenjo-daro was made this way.
Assemblage joins found objects.
Relief sculpture projects from a background; sculpture in the round is viewed from all sides.
Dhokra is a living lost-wax tradition in eastern India.

Explanation

Armatures support clay forms.
Indian temple sculpture is often relief.
Terracotta is fired clay.
Scale and viewpoint matter in sculpture.
Clay work develops fine motor skills in children.

Step by step

Identify the art concept, medium or movement asked.
Recall the definition, artist, period or technique.
Choose the option that matches the visual or pedagogical principle.

Examples

A clay pot shaped by hand → additive.
A stone figure chiselled from a block → subtractive.
The bronze Dancing Girl → lost-wax casting.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Mixing relief and in-the-round.
Trap: Calling carving additive.
Trap: Forgetting Dhokra.

Quick revision

Additive, subtractive, casting.
Lost-wax; Dancing Girl.
Relief vs round.

Practice MCQs

Shaping a statue by removing stone or wood is called —
1. modelling
2. carving
3. casting
4. weaving
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Answer: (b) carving. Carving is subtractive; modelling adds material.
Carving a figure from stone or wood is a
1. printing process
2. additive process
3. casting process
4. subtractive process
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Answer: (d) subtractive process. Material is removed.
Modelling a figure in clay is an
1. subtractive process
2. additive process
3. etching process
4. weaving process
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Answer: (b) additive process. Material is built up.
The lost-wax method, used in dhokra craft, is a technique of
1. weaving
2. stone carving
3. metal casting
4. pottery glazing
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Answer: (c) metal casting. A wax model is replaced by molten metal.
Sculpture that projects from a flat background is called
1. in the round
2. relief
3. mobile
4. installation
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Answer: (b) relief. Sculpture in the round can be seen from all sides.
Baked clay used for sculpture and pottery is
1. terracotta
2. marble
3. bronze
4. plaster
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Answer: (a) terracotta. Terracotta means 'baked earth'.

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Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.