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Intellectual Property & Technology Governance
GS-III: Economy, Environment, Security, Disaster & Technology
Useful for: UPSC Civil Services
Overview
India’s IPR regime balances innovation incentives with access, especially for medicines, traditional knowledge and farmers’ rights.
Key points
- India’s Patents Act (1970) was amended to comply with TRIPS.
- Section 3(d) prevents "evergreening"; it was upheld in Novartis v. Union of India (2013).
- India’s first compulsory licence was granted to Natco (2012) for a cancer drug.
- The National IPR Policy was adopted in 2016.
- Geographical Indications are protected under the GI Act, 1999; Darjeeling tea was the first GI in India.
- The Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (2001) prevents bio-piracy; the PPV&FR Act (2001) protects farmers’ rights.
Practice MCQs
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Intellectual Property & Technology Governance is correct?
- Intellectual Property & Technology Governance has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
- Intellectual property creates time-bound legal rights intended to shape incentives, disclosure and commercialization.
- Stronger intellectual-property protection always increases innovation and access in every sector without trade-offs.
- Intellectual Property & Technology Governance is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
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Answer: (b) Intellectual property creates time-bound legal rights intended to shape incentives, disclosure and commercialization.. Intellectual property creates time-bound legal rights intended to shape incentives, disclosure and commercialization.
Consider the following statements on Intellectual Property & Technology Governance, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Stronger intellectual-property protection always increases innovation and access in every sector without trade-offs. 2. Intellectual property creates time-bound legal rights intended to shape incentives, disclosure and commercialization. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (b) 2 only. Statement 2 is correct; Statement 1 is a common misconception.
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