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Conservation, Pollution & EIA
GS-III: Economy, Environment, Security, Disaster & Technology
Useful for: UPSC Civil Services
Overview
Environmental governance relies on laws, courts and principles such as polluter pays and precaution; enforcement and EIA quality remain challenges.
Key points
- Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum (1996) adopted the precautionary and polluter-pays principles.
- The National Green Tribunal was set up in 2010.
- The CAMPA Act (2016) manages funds for compensatory afforestation.
- The Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 changed the scope of forest clearance rules.
- EIA quality and post-clearance monitoring are recurring concerns.
- Extended Producer Responsibility applies to plastics, e-waste and batteries.
Practice MCQs
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Conservation, Pollution & EIA is correct?
- Environmental governance combines conservation, pollution control, resource management and procedural safeguards.
- Environmental clearance by itself guarantees that a project will have no ecological impact.
- Conservation, Pollution & EIA is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
- Conservation, Pollution & EIA has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
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Answer: (a) Environmental governance combines conservation, pollution control, resource management and procedural safeguards.. Environmental governance combines conservation, pollution control, resource management and procedural safeguards.
Consider the following statements on Conservation, Pollution & EIA and Farm Support, MSP, PDS & Food Security, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Environmental clearance by itself guarantees that a project will have no ecological impact. 2. Announced MSP guarantees procurement of every unit of every covered crop everywhere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2. Neither statement is correct; both are common misconceptions.
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