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Anatomy and physiology
Physical Education
Useful for: OSSTET, OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, OSSC Physical Education Instructor, OSSSC Govt Physical Education Teacher (PET), Rajasthan PTI / Librarian, SSB PET, SSB School Teachers
Overview
Anatomy studies body structure and physiology studies body function; both explain how the body moves and responds to exercise.
Key points
- The adult human skeleton has 206 bones.
- Muscle types: skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary) and cardiac (heart).
- Joints: ball-and-socket (shoulder, hip), hinge (knee, elbow), pivot (neck).
- Resting heart rate in adults is about 72 beats per minute.
- The lungs exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
- Exercise raises heart rate, breathing rate and blood flow to muscles.
Explanation
- Ligaments join bone to bone; tendons join muscle to bone.
- The femur is the longest bone.
- Red blood cells carry oxygen using haemoglobin.
- Regular training lowers resting heart rate.
- Posture depends on muscles and spinal alignment.
Step by step
- Identify the concept, rule or fact asked.
- Recall the definition, formula, example or year.
- Apply it and eliminate mismatched options.
Examples
- The shoulder joint → ball-and-socket.
- A tendon connects → muscle to bone.
- Heart muscle → cardiac muscle (involuntary).
Traps and advanced points
- Trap: Mixing ligaments and tendons.
- Trap: Wrong bone count.
- Trap: Calling the knee a ball-and-socket joint.
Quick revision
- 206 bones.
- Three muscle types.
- Ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot.
Practice MCQs
The shoulder joint is a —
- hinge joint
- ball-and-socket joint
- pivot joint
- fixed joint
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Answer: (b) ball-and-socket joint. It allows movement in many directions; the elbow is a hinge joint.
The largest bone in the human body is the —
- humerus
- femur
- tibia
- radius
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Answer: (b) femur. The femur (thigh bone); the stapes in the ear is the smallest.
The adult human skeleton has —
- 300 bones
- 196 bones
- 206 bones
- 216 bones
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Answer: (c) 206 bones. 206 bones.
Heart muscle is —
- skeletal
- smooth
- cardiac
- voluntary
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Answer: (c) cardiac. Cardiac muscle.
The shoulder is a —
- hinge joint
- ball-and-socket joint
- pivot joint
- fixed joint
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Answer: (b) ball-and-socket joint. Ball-and-socket.
The knee is a —
- pivot joint
- gliding joint
- ball-and-socket joint
- hinge joint
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Answer: (d) hinge joint. Hinge.
The joint that lets the head turn is a —
- pivot joint
- saddle joint
- fixed joint
- hinge joint
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Answer: (a) pivot joint. Pivot.
Average resting heart rate in adults is about —
- 100 bpm
- 120 bpm
- 50 bpm
- 72 bpm
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Answer: (d) 72 bpm. About 72.
Ligaments connect —
- skin to bone
- muscle to bone
- bone to bone
- nerve to muscle
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Answer: (c) bone to bone. Tendons join muscle to bone.
The longest bone in the body is the —
- tibia
- femur
- humerus
- radius
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Answer: (b) femur. Femur.
More topics in this chapter
Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.