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होम › परीक्षा नोट्स › REET › Voice and Narration

Voice and Narration

English Language & Pedagogy

इन परीक्षाओं के लिए उपयोगी: REET, UPTET, BPSC TRE, Assistant Teacher Recruitment (Super TET), Bihar STET, Bihar Assistant Professor, Bihar TET / CTET Route, MP Assistant Professor

और 10 परीक्षाएँ

MP Teacher — High/Higher Secondary / Varg 1, MP Teacher — Middle / Varg 2, MP Teacher — Primary / Varg 3, Rajasthan Assistant Professor, REET Mains / 3rd Grade Teacher, Rajasthan 1st Grade School Lecturer, Rajasthan 2nd Grade Senior Teacher, UP Assistant Professor, UP LT Grade / GIC Lecturer, UP TGT / PGT

Read in English

सार

वाच्य ध्यान को कर्ता से हटाकर कर्म पर ले जाता है; कथन (narration) किसी के शब्दों को काल, सर्वनाम और समयसूचक शब्दों में बदलाव के साथ बताता है।

मुख्य बिंदु

  • कर्मवाच्य का रूप: कर्म + "be" का उपयुक्त रूप + भूतकालिक कृदंत + (by + कर्ता)।
  • Continuous कर्मवाच्य में "being" आता है: "is being built"; perfect कर्मवाच्य में "been": "has been eaten"।
  • आज्ञार्थक: "Open the door" → "Let the door be opened."
  • कथन में काल पीछे हटता है: present → past, past → past perfect, will → would, can → could।
  • समयसूचक शब्द: now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, yesterday → the previous day।

व्याख्या

  • सार्वभौमिक सत्य अप्रत्यक्ष कथन में वर्तमान काल में ही रहते हैं।
  • प्रश्न: हाँ/नहीं वाले → "if/whether"; wh-प्रश्नों में wh-शब्द रहता है; क्रम कथन जैसा होता है।
  • अनुरोध और आदेश: "told/requested/ordered + कर्म + to + क्रिया"; नकारात्मक में "not to"।
  • अकर्मक क्रियाओं (sleep, arrive) का कर्मवाच्य नहीं होता।

चरण-दर-चरण

  1. काल और प्रकार पहचानें।
  2. रूपांतरण के नियम लगाएँ।
  3. अर्थ और काल जाँचें।

उदाहरण

  • "They are building a new school." → "A new school is being built by them." (continuous कर्मवाच्य)
  • He said, "I am tired." → He said that he was tired. (काल एक कदम पीछे)
  • She said to him, "Don’t be late." → She told him not to be late. (नकारात्मक आदेश)

ग़लतियों से बचें और उन्नत बिंदु

  • सामान्य भूल: continuous कर्मवाच्य में "being" भूल जाना।
  • सामान्य भूल: सार्वभौमिक सत्यों का काल बदल देना।
  • सामान्य भूल: अप्रत्यक्ष प्रश्नों में प्रश्नवाचक क्रम रखना।

त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

  • कर्मवाच्य के लिए be + V3।
  • काल में एक कदम पीछे।
  • नकारात्मक आदेश में told + not to।

अभ्यास MCQ

  1. Passive voice में बदलिए: "Who taught you English?"

    1. Who was taught you English?
    2. By whom were you taught English?
    3. By whom you were taught English?
    4. Whom taught you English?

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) By whom were you taught English?. "Who" becomes "By whom" and the question form is kept.

  2. Indirect speech में बदलिए: He said, "I have finished my work."

    1. He said that he has finished his work.
    2. He said that he had finished his work.
    3. He said that I had finished my work.
    4. He told that he finished his work.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) He said that he had finished his work.. Present perfect becomes past perfect; "I/my" become "he/his".

  3. Indirect speech में बदलिए: She asked me, "Do you like mangoes?"

    1. She asked me do I like mangoes.
    2. She asked me if I liked mangoes.
    3. She asked me that I liked mangoes.
    4. She said me if I like mangoes.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) She asked me if I liked mangoes.. Yes/no questions use "if/whether" with statement order and back-shifted tense.

  4. Passive voice में बदलिए: "Let him do it."

    1. Let it be done by him.
    2. Let it done by him.
    3. It is let done by him.
    4. Let him be done it.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) Let it be done by him.. Imperatives with "let": Let + object + be + V3.

  5. Passive voice में बदलिए: "They are building a new school."

    1. A new school is built by them.
    2. A new school is being built by them.
    3. A new school has been built by them.
    4. A new school was being built by them.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) A new school is being built by them.. Present continuous passive = is/are being + V3.

  6. Indirect speech में बदलिए: He said to me, "Please open the door."

    1. He said me to open the door.
    2. He requested me to open the door.
    3. He told me that please open the door.
    4. He asked me that I open the door.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) He requested me to open the door.. Requests become "requested + object + to + verb".

  7. Indirect speech में बदलिए: She said to him, "Don't be late."

    1. She told him not to be late.
    2. She told him to not late.
    3. She said him don't be late.
    4. She asked him that he is not late.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) She told him not to be late.. Negative commands become "told + object + not to + verb".

  8. Passive of "Ram writes a letter" is —

    1. A letter was written by Ram.
    2. A letter is being written by Ram.
    3. A letter has written by Ram.
    4. A letter is written by Ram.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) A letter is written by Ram.. Simple present passive: is + V3.

  9. Passive of "They are building a bridge" is —

    1. A bridge is built by them.
    2. A bridge is being built by them.
    3. A bridge has been built by them.
    4. A bridge was built by them.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) A bridge is being built by them.. Present continuous passive: is being + V3.

  10. Passive of "She has finished the work" is —

    1. The work had been finished by her.
    2. The work has been finished by her.
    3. The work was finished by her.
    4. The work is finished by her.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) The work has been finished by her.. Present perfect passive: has been + V3.

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