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होम › परीक्षा नोट्स › CTET › Growth and Development

Growth and Development

Child Development & Pedagogy

इन परीक्षाओं के लिए उपयोगी: CTET, KVS, NVS, OTET, OSSTET, REET, UPTET, BPSC TRE

और 23 परीक्षाएँ

UGC NET, EMRS, Assistant Teacher Recruitment (Super TET), BPSC Head Teacher / Headmaster, Bihar TET / CTET Route, CTSA / STSS, Junior Teacher, MP Teacher — Middle / Varg 2, MP Teacher — Primary / Varg 3, OAVS, OSEPA Primary Teacher / JT Category-I, OSEPA Upper Primary — Arts, OSEPA Upper Primary — Science, OSSC Foundation Course, OSSC Teacher Readiness, OSSSC Govt Physical Education Teacher (PET), OSSSC Govt TGT Arts, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — PCM, REET Mains / 3rd Grade Teacher, Sainik Schools, Special OTET, SSB School Teachers

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सार

वृद्धि मात्रात्मक बढ़ोतरी है (लंबाई, भार); विकास शारीरिक, संज्ञानात्मक, भाषायी और सामाजिक-भावनात्मक क्षेत्रों में क्षमताओं का गुणात्मक परिवर्तन है।

मुख्य बिंदु

  • परिपक्वता पर वृद्धि रुक जाती है; विकास जीवन भर चलता रहता है।
  • विकास निरंतर, क्रमिक और पूर्वानुमेय है, पर व्यक्तियों में भिन्न होता है।
  • मस्तकाधोमुखी (cephalocaudal) दिशा: सिर से पैर; समीप-दूराभिमुख (proximodistal) दिशा: शरीर के केंद्र से छोरों की ओर।
  • विकास सामान्य से विशिष्ट प्रतिक्रियाओं की ओर बढ़ता है।
  • सभी विकास में आनुवंशिकता और वातावरण की अंतःक्रिया होती है।
  • क्षेत्र (शारीरिक, संज्ञानात्मक, भाषायी, सामाजिक-भावनात्मक) परस्पर संबंधित हैं।

व्याख्या

  • किशोरावस्था में तेज़ शारीरिक बदलाव और पहचान संबंधी प्रश्न आते हैं।
  • प्रारंभिक बाल्यावस्था भाषा और सामाजिक कौशल के लिए संवेदनशील अवधि है।
  • पोषण, खेल और उद्दीपन प्रारंभिक विकास को आकार देते हैं।
  • शिक्षकों को एक आयु-वर्ग के भीतर व्यक्तिगत भिन्नताओं के लिए योजना बनानी चाहिए।
  • विकास के पड़ाव औसत हैं, निश्चित समय-सीमाएँ नहीं।

चरण-दर-चरण

  1. पहचानें कि स्थिति कौन-सी अवधारणा या सिद्धांत जाँच रही है।
  2. उसके पीछे के विचारक, सिद्धांत या नीति को याद करें।
  3. बाल-केंद्रित, समावेशी और प्रमाण-आधारित विकल्प चुनें; दंडात्मक या रटंत विकल्प अस्वीकार करें।

उदाहरण

  • शिशु चलने से पहले सिर की गतिविधि नियंत्रित करता है → मस्तकाधोमुखी सिद्धांत।
  • बच्चा उँगलियों की बारीक गति से पहले पूरी बाँह का प्रयोग करता है → समीप-दूराभिमुख सिद्धांत।
  • एक ही आयु के दो बच्चे अलग-अलग स्तर पर पढ़ते हैं → व्यक्तिगत भिन्नताएँ।

ग़लतियों से बचें और उन्नत बिंदु

  • सामान्य भूल: वृद्धि और विकास को पर्यायवाची मानना।
  • सामान्य भूल: पड़ावों को कठोर मानना।
  • सामान्य भूल: वातावरण की अनदेखी।

त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

  • वृद्धि = मात्रात्मक; विकास = गुणात्मक।
  • मस्तकाधोमुखी, समीप-दूराभिमुख।
  • सामान्य से विशिष्ट।

अभ्यास MCQ

  1. वृद्धि (growth) मुख्य रूप से किस प्रकार के परिवर्तन हैं?

    1. परिमाणात्मक
    2. केवल गुणात्मक
    3. नैतिक
    4. केवल भावनात्मक

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) परिमाणात्मक. वृद्धि मापने योग्य बढ़ोतरी है (लंबाई, भार); विकास व्यापक और गुणात्मक है।

  2. Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Growth and Development.

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. Growth and development are identical terms.
    3. Growth and Development is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
    4. Growth and Development should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.. Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Growth and Development.: Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.

  3. During a classroom lesson on Growth and Development, the teacher compares evidence before choosing an approach. Foundation of Education: Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Growth and Development.

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. Growth and development are identical terms.
    3. Growth and Development is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
    4. Growth and Development should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.

  4. Foundation of Education: Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Growth and Development.

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. Growth and development are identical terms.
    3. Growth and Development is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
    4. Growth and Development should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.. Foundation of Education: Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Growth and Development.: Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.

  5. While planning instruction on Growth and Development, the teacher compares evidence before choosing an approach. Foundation of Education: Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Growth and Development.

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. Growth and development are identical terms.
    3. Growth and Development is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
    4. Growth and Development should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.

  6. Which statement about Growth and Development is NOT appropriate?

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.
    3. Growth and Development should be interpreted according to its purpose and context.
    4. Growth and development are identical terms.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) Growth and development are identical terms.. The NOT-appropriate statement is: Growth and development are identical terms.

  7. During a classroom lesson on Growth and Development, the teacher compares evidence before choosing an approach. Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Growth and Development.

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. Growth and development are identical terms.
    3. Growth and Development is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
    4. Growth and Development should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.

  8. Foundation of Education: Which statement about Growth and Development is NOT appropriate?

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.
    3. Growth and Development should be interpreted according to its purpose and context.
    4. Growth and development are identical terms.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) Growth and development are identical terms.. The NOT-appropriate statement is: Growth and development are identical terms.

  9. Foundation of Education: A teacher wants to apply Growth and Development correctly. Which action is most appropriate?

    1. Growth and development are identical terms.
    2. Growth and Development is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
    3. A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.
    4. Growth and Development should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c) A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.

  10. During a classroom lesson on Growth and Development, the teacher compares evidence before choosing an approach. which statement about Growth and Development is NOT appropriate?

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.
    3. Growth and Development should be interpreted according to its purpose and context.
    4. Growth and development are identical terms.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) Growth and development are identical terms.. The NOT-appropriate statement is: Growth and development are identical terms.

  11. While reviewing learner progress on Growth and Development, the teacher compares evidence before choosing an approach. Foundation of Education: which statement about Growth and Development is NOT appropriate?

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.
    3. Growth and Development should be interpreted according to its purpose and context.
    4. Growth and development are identical terms.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) Growth and development are identical terms.. The NOT-appropriate statement is: Growth and development are identical terms.

  12. While planning instruction on Growth and Development, the teacher compares evidence before choosing an approach. Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Growth and Development.

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. Growth and development are identical terms.
    3. Growth and Development is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
    4. Growth and Development should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.

  13. During a classroom lesson on Growth and Development, the teacher compares evidence before choosing an approach. Foundation of Education: which statement about Growth and Development is NOT appropriate?

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.
    3. Growth and Development should be interpreted according to its purpose and context.
    4. Growth and development are identical terms.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) Growth and development are identical terms.. The NOT-appropriate statement is: Growth and development are identical terms.

  14. While planning instruction on Growth and Development, the teacher compares evidence before choosing an approach. which statement about Growth and Development is NOT appropriate?

    1. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.
    2. A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.
    3. Growth and Development should be interpreted according to its purpose and context.
    4. Growth and development are identical terms.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) Growth and development are identical terms.. The NOT-appropriate statement is: Growth and development are identical terms.

  15. A teacher wants to apply Growth and Development correctly. Which action is most appropriate?

    1. Growth and development are identical terms.
    2. Growth and Development is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
    3. A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.
    4. Growth and Development should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c) A teacher observes language, social, emotional and cognitive change, not height alone.. Development is broader than physical growth and includes qualitative changes in abilities and behaviour.

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