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होम › परीक्षा नोट्स › SSC CGL › प्रत्यक्ष/अप्रत्यक्ष कथन

प्रत्यक्ष/अप्रत्यक्ष कथन

अंग्रेज़ी भाषा एवं बोध

इन परीक्षाओं के लिए उपयोगी: SSC CGL

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सार

कथन-परिवर्तन कहे गए शब्दों को सर्वनाम, काल, समयसूचक शब्द और वाक्य-प्रकार के बदलाव के साथ अप्रत्यक्ष कथन में बदलता है।

मुख्य बिंदु

  • विधान वाक्य: said → said that; said to → told।
  • काल पीछे: is → was, has done → had done, will → would, can → could।
  • प्रश्न: हाँ/नहीं वाले → if/whether; wh-प्रश्नों में wh-शब्द रहता है; क्रम कथन जैसा।
  • आदेश/अनुरोध: told/ordered/requested + कर्म + (not) to + क्रिया।
  • समयसूचक शब्द: today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, ago → before।

व्याख्या

  • सार्वभौमिक सत्यों में या सूचक क्रिया वर्तमान काल में हो तो काल पीछे नहीं जाता।
  • विस्मयादिबोधक: exclaimed with joy/sorrow that…।
  • "Let’s" → suggested that we should…।
  • सर्वनाम वक्ता और श्रोता के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

चरण-दर-चरण

  1. पहले पूरा वाक्य या गद्यांश पढ़ें।
  2. सटीक व्याकरण या शब्दावली नियम लगाएँ।
  3. अंतिम उत्तर को संदर्भ में दोबारा पढ़ें।

उदाहरण

  • He said, "I will finish it tomorrow." → He said that he would finish it the next day. (काल: will → would; समय: tomorrow → the next day)
  • She asked me, "Where do you live?" → She asked me where I lived. (कथन जैसा क्रम)
  • He said, "Let’s go for a walk." → He suggested that we should go for a walk. (Let’s → suggested, सुझाव)

ग़लतियों से बचें और उन्नत बिंदु

  • सामान्य भूल: प्रश्नवाचक क्रम बनाए रखना।
  • सामान्य भूल: सार्वभौमिक सत्यों का काल बदलना।
  • सामान्य भूल: समयसूचक शब्द बदलना भूल जाना।

त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

  • काल एक कदम पीछे।
  • हाँ/नहीं प्रश्नों के लिए if/whether।
  • Let’s → suggested।

अभ्यास MCQ

  1. He said, "I am busy." →

    1. He said that I was busy.
    2. He told that he was busy.
    3. He said that he is busy.
    4. He said that he was busy.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) He said that he was busy.. is → was.

  2. She said to me, "I will help you." →

    1. She told me that she would help me.
    2. She said me that she will help me.
    3. She told me that I would help you.
    4. She told that she would help.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a) She told me that she would help me.. said to → told; will → would.

  3. He said, "I have finished the work." →

    1. He said that he has finished the work.
    2. He said that he had finished the work.
    3. He said that he finished the work.
    4. He said he have finished.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) He said that he had finished the work.. has done → had done.

  4. She asked, "Are you coming?" →

    1. She told if I am coming.
    2. She asked if I was coming.
    3. She asked that I was coming.
    4. She asked was I coming.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) She asked if I was coming.. Yes/no question → if/whether.

  5. He asked, "Where do you live?" →

    1. He asked where did I live.
    2. He asked where I live.
    3. He asked that where I lived.
    4. He asked where I lived.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) He asked where I lived.. Wh-word kept; statement order.

  6. The teacher said, "Sit down." →

    1. The teacher said us sit down.
    2. The teacher told that sit down.
    3. The teacher asked sit down.
    4. The teacher told us to sit down.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) The teacher told us to sit down.. Command → told + to.

  7. "Tomorrow" in indirect speech becomes —

    1. yesterday
    2. today
    3. that day before
    4. the next day

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) the next day. Time word shift.

  8. "Today" in indirect speech becomes —

    1. now
    2. that day
    3. the next day
    4. tomorrow

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b) that day. Time word shift.

  9. He said, "I can swim." →

    1. He said that he could swam.
    2. He told he can swim.
    3. He said that he can swim.
    4. He said that he could swim.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d) He said that he could swim.. can → could.

  10. He said, "The sun rises in the east." →

    1. He told the sun rises.
    2. He said that the sun rose in the east.
    3. He said that the sun rises in the east.
    4. He said the sun had risen in the east.

    नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल

    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c) He said that the sun rises in the east.. Universal truths keep the present tense.

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