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World Geography & Environment

General Awareness · Polity, Economy & Geography

Useful for: Railway RRB, OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, OSEPA Primary Teacher / JT Category-I, OSEPA Upper Primary — Arts, OSEPA Upper Primary — Science, OSSSC Govt Physical Education Teacher (PET), OSSSC Govt TGT Arts, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ

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OSSSC Govt TGT Science — PCM

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Overview

World geography covers continents, oceans, major physical features and global environmental issues and agreements.

Key points

Largest continent: Asia; smallest: Australia; largest ocean: Pacific.
Longest river: the Nile (with the Amazon close behind); largest hot desert: the Sahara.
Highest peak: Mount Everest (Nepal–China border).
Greenhouse gases (CO₂, methane) cause global warming; CFCs damaged the ozone layer.
Montreal Protocol (1987) protects the ozone layer; the Paris Agreement (2015) addresses climate change.

Explanation

Latitude 0° is the Equator; longitude 0° is the Prime Meridian (Greenwich).
The International Date Line roughly follows 180° longitude.
Ring of Fire: the Pacific belt of volcanoes and earthquakes.
The Kyoto Protocol (1997) set emission targets for developed countries.

Step by step

Identify the feature or agreement.
Recall it with its region or year.
Eliminate options from other categories.

Examples

The treaty that protects the ozone layer → Montreal Protocol (1987).
The largest hot desert → the Sahara.
The line at about 180° longitude → the International Date Line.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Mixing the Montreal and Kyoto protocols.
Trap: Calling the Antarctic the largest hot desert.
Trap: Confusing the Equator and the Prime Meridian.

Quick revision

Asia largest, Australia smallest.
Montreal 1987 ozone; Paris 2015 climate.
Date Line ≈ 180°.

Practice MCQs

Black cotton soil in India is also commonly called what?
1. Bhangar
2. Laterite
3. Khadar
4. Regur soil
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Answer: (d) Regur soil. Black cotton soil in India is also commonly called Regur soil.
El Niño is associated with unusual warming of surface waters in which ocean region?
1. North Atlantic only
2. Arctic Ocean only
3. Central/eastern equatorial Pacific
4. Mediterranean Sea
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Answer: (c) Central/eastern equatorial Pacific. El Niño is associated with unusual warming of surface waters in Central/eastern equatorial Pacific.
Silent Valley National Park is located in which state?
1. Haryana
2. Punjab
3. Bihar
4. Kerala
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Answer: (d) Kerala. Silent Valley National Park is located in Kerala.
The largest continent is —
1. Africa
2. Asia
3. Europe
4. North America
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Answer: (b) Asia. Asia.
The largest ocean is the —
1. Indian
2. Pacific
3. Arctic
4. Atlantic
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Answer: (b) Pacific. Pacific Ocean.
The largest hot desert is the —
1. Thar
2. Sahara
3. Gobi
4. Kalahari
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Answer: (b) Sahara. Sahara.
Latitude 0° is the —
1. Arctic Circle
2. Prime Meridian
3. Equator
4. Tropic of Cancer
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Answer: (c) Equator. Equator.
Longitude 0° passes through —
1. Paris
2. New Delhi
3. Tokyo
4. Greenwich
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Answer: (d) Greenwich. Prime Meridian at Greenwich.
The International Date Line roughly follows —
1. 90° E
2. 180°
3. 23.5° N
4. 0°
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Answer: (b) 180°. 180° longitude.
The Montreal Protocol (1987) protects the —
1. tigers
2. wetlands
3. forests
4. ozone layer
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Answer: (d) ozone layer. Phasing out CFCs.