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Word & Number Analogy — Types

General Intelligence & Reasoning · Analogy (Similarity)

Useful for: SSC CGL

Overview

Number analogies hide arithmetic rules (squares, cubes, multiples, digit operations); word analogies hide category or function rules.

Key points

Squares and cubes: 3 : 9 :: 5 : 25 or 3 : 27 :: 5 : 125.
n² + 1, n² − 1, n³ + 1, n³ − 1 patterns are very common.
Multiples: 6 : 42 :: 8 : 56 (× 7).
Digit patterns: 23 : 6 (product of digits) :: 45 : 20.
Word types: synonym, antonym, part–whole, worker–tool, young one (Dog : Puppy).

Explanation

Learn squares to 30 and cubes to 15 for quick recognition.
Check whether the rule holds for every pair in the question, not just one.
For four-number sets, the rule may link 1st with 2nd and 3rd with 4th separately.
Prime-related analogies: 7 : 11 (next prime) :: 13 : 17.

Step by step

Find the exact relationship in the given pair or pattern.
Apply the same relationship to the question part.
Check the chosen option against every condition.

Examples

3 : 27 :: 5 : 125 (cube).
6 : 35 :: 8 : ? → 6² − 1 = 35, so 8² − 1 = 63.
Dog : Puppy :: Cat : Kitten (animal : young one).

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Stopping at the first rule that fits one pair.
Trap: Missing ± 1 adjustments to squares and cubes.
Trap: Confusing young ones (Cow : Calf, Horse : Foal).

Quick revision

Squares to 30, cubes to 15.
Check n² ± 1 and n³ ± 1.
Rule must fit all given pairs.

Practice MCQs

4 : 16 :: 5 : ?
1. 10
2. 25
3. 20
4. 30
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Answer: (b) 25. 4 → 16 = 4^2 (square).
2 : 8 :: 3 : ?
1. 9
2. 18
3. 12
4. 27
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Answer: (d) 27. 2 → 8 = 2^3 (cube).
6 : 42 :: 7 : ?
1. 49
2. 63
3. 54
4. 56
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Answer: (d) 56. 6 → 42 = 6×7 = n×(n+1).
Happy : Glad :: Angry : ?
1. Sad
2. Fear
3. Furious
4. Calm
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Answer: (c) Furious. Happy aur Glad synonyms hain; Angry ka synonym Furious.
Hot : Cold :: Up : ?
1. Side
2. Down
3. High
4. Top
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Answer: (b) Down. Hot aur Cold antonyms; Up ka antonym Down.
5 : 30 :: 8 : ?
1. 64
2. 48
3. 56
4. 72
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Answer: (d) 72. 5 → 30 = 5×6 = n(n+1).
3 : 28 :: 5 : ?
1. 120
2. 130
3. 126
4. 124
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Answer: (c) 126. 3 → 28 = 3^3+1 = 27+1.
7 : 50 :: 9 : ?
1. 80
2. 90
3. 82
4. 81
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Answer: (c) 82. 7 → 50 = 7^2+1 = 49+1.
12 : 144 :: 13 : ?
1. 143
2. 169
3. 156
4. 196
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Answer: (b) 169. 12 → 144 = 12^2.
Doctor : Treatment :: Teacher : ?
1. Books
2. Education
3. School
4. Student
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Answer: (b) Education. Doctor treatment deta hai; teacher education deta hai.