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Wetlands & Coasts
Environment & Ecology
Useful for: UPSC Civil Services
Overview
Wetlands and coastal ecosystems (mangroves, coral reefs, lagoons, estuaries) provide flood control, fisheries and biodiversity; they are protected through the Ramsar framework and coastal regulation.
Key points
- The Ramsar Convention was signed in 1971 at Ramsar, Iran.
- India’s first Ramsar sites (1981) were Chilika Lake and Keoladeo National Park.
- The Montreux Record lists Ramsar sites under threat; Keoladeo and Loktak are on it.
- The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules were notified in 2017.
- The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest; Chilika is India’s largest brackish-water lagoon.
- Coastal Regulation Zone notifications were issued in 1991, 2011 and 2019.
Practice MCQs
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Wetlands & Coasts is correct?
- Wetlands & Coasts is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
- Wetlands & Coasts has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
- Wetlands provide flood moderation, water purification, carbon storage and habitat functions.
- All wetlands are permanently waterlogged deep-water ecosystems with no seasonal variation.
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Answer: (c) Wetlands provide flood moderation, water purification, carbon storage and habitat functions.. Wetlands provide flood moderation, water purification, carbon storage and habitat functions.
Consider the following statements on Wetlands & Coasts, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Wetlands provide flood moderation, water purification, carbon storage and habitat functions. 2. All wetlands are permanently waterlogged deep-water ecosystems with no seasonal variation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct; Statement 2 is a common misconception.
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