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Environmental Impact Assessment
Environment & Ecology
Useful for: UPSC Civil Services
Overview
Environmental Impact Assessment evaluates the likely effects of projects before approval; in India it is governed by the EIA Notification under the EPA, 1986.
Key points
- The first EIA Notification was issued in 1994; the current framework is the EIA Notification, 2006.
- Category A projects are appraised at the central level (MoEFCC with an Expert Appraisal Committee); Category B projects by State Environment Impact Assessment Authorities.
- Category B projects are split into B1 (needing EIA) and B2 (exempt from EIA report).
- Stages: screening, scoping, public consultation and appraisal.
- Public consultation includes public hearing and written responses.
- Post-clearance compliance and monitoring are essential.
Practice MCQs
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Environmental Impact Assessment is correct?
- Environmental Impact Assessment is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
- Environmental Impact Assessment has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
- EIA seeks to anticipate environmental impacts before project decisions are finalized.
- Obtaining an environmental clearance automatically exempts a project from every other environmental law and consent.
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Answer: (c) EIA seeks to anticipate environmental impacts before project decisions are finalized.. EIA seeks to anticipate environmental impacts before project decisions are finalized.
Consider the following statements on Environmental Impact Assessment and Protected Areas, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Obtaining an environmental clearance automatically exempts a project from every other environmental law and consent. 2. Every biosphere reserve is identical in legal status and boundary to a National Park. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2. Neither statement is correct; both are common misconceptions.
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