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Social Justice

GS-II: Constitution, Governance, Social Justice & IR

Useful for: UPSC Civil Services

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Overview

Social justice aims at equality of opportunity and dignity for disadvantaged groups through constitutional guarantees, reservations and protective laws.

Key points

  • Article 38 directs the State to secure a social order based on justice; Article 46 promotes the interests of SCs, STs and weaker sections.
  • Indra Sawhney (1992) upheld OBC reservation, introduced the creamy-layer exclusion and set a general 50% ceiling.
  • The 10% EWS reservation (103rd Amendment, 2019) was upheld in Janhit Abhiyan (2022).
  • SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 protects against caste-based violence.
  • Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 recognises 21 disabilities and provides 4% reservation in government jobs.
  • NALSA (2014) recognised transgender persons as a third gender; the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act was passed in 2019.

Practice MCQs

  1. From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Social Justice is correct?

    1. Welfare design requires clarity about target groups, delivery mechanisms, fiscal costs and exclusion/inclusion errors.
    2. Higher enrolment alone proves that education quality and learning outcomes are satisfactory.
    3. Social Justice is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
    4. Social Justice has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.

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    Answer: (a) Welfare design requires clarity about target groups, delivery mechanisms, fiscal costs and exclusion/inclusion errors.. Welfare design requires clarity about target groups, delivery mechanisms, fiscal costs and exclusion/inclusion errors.

  2. Consider the following statements on Social Justice, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Welfare design requires clarity about target groups, delivery mechanisms, fiscal costs and exclusion/inclusion errors. 2. Higher enrolment alone proves that education quality and learning outcomes are satisfactory. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct; Statement 2 is a common misconception.

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