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Science, Technology & Innovation
GS-III: Economy, Environment, Security, Disaster & Technology
Useful for: UPSC Civil Services
Overview
India’s innovation system needs higher R&D investment, stronger industry–academia links and a supportive startup ecosystem.
Key points
- India’s gross R&D spending is low (well under 1% of GDP), with a large government share.
- The Anusandhan National Research Foundation was created by an Act in 2023 to fund research.
- Atal Innovation Mission (2016) runs Atal Tinkering Labs and incubators.
- India has one of the world’s largest startup ecosystems.
- C. V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for the Raman effect.
- Private sector R&D spending needs to rise.
Practice MCQs
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Science, Technology & Innovation is correct?
- Scientific invention automatically becomes widely accessible innovation without institutions, finance or diffusion.
- Science, Technology & Innovation is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
- Science, Technology & Innovation has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
- Innovation systems connect research, skills, finance, firms, standards, procurement and intellectual property.
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Answer: (d) Innovation systems connect research, skills, finance, firms, standards, procurement and intellectual property.. Innovation systems connect research, skills, finance, firms, standards, procurement and intellectual property.
Consider the following statements on Science, Technology & Innovation, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Innovation systems connect research, skills, finance, firms, standards, procurement and intellectual property. 2. Scientific invention automatically becomes widely accessible innovation without institutions, finance or diffusion. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct; Statement 2 is a common misconception.
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