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Land Reforms & Rural Institutions
GS-III: Economy, Environment, Security, Disaster & Technology
Useful for: UPSC Civil Services
Overview
Land reforms sought to end exploitation and give land to the tiller; modern reforms focus on clear titles, leasing and fair acquisition.
Key points
- Zamindari abolition was the most successful early reform; ceiling laws had limited success.
- Operation Barga (West Bengal, from 1978) recorded sharecroppers’ rights.
- Vinoba Bhave began the Bhoodan movement in 1951.
- The Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (from 2008) digitises records; SVAMITVA (2020) maps rural homesteads with drones and issues property cards.
- NITI Aayog proposed a Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act (2016).
- The RFCTLARR Act, 2013 requires social impact assessment and consent of 80% of affected families for private and 70% for PPP projects.
Practice MCQs
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Land Reforms & Rural Institutions is correct?
- Land Reforms & Rural Institutions has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
- Land reform includes tenure, ceilings, consolidation, tenancy and record-related interventions with regionally varied histories.
- Digitising an inaccurate land record automatically creates a legally correct title.
- Land Reforms & Rural Institutions is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
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Answer: (b) Land reform includes tenure, ceilings, consolidation, tenancy and record-related interventions with regionally varied histories.. Land reform includes tenure, ceilings, consolidation, tenancy and record-related interventions with regionally varied histories.
Consider the following statements on Land Reforms & Rural Institutions and Internal Security, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Digitising an inaccurate land record automatically creates a legally correct title. 2. Every internal-security challenge can be solved by military force alone. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2. Neither statement is correct; both are common misconceptions.
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