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Revolt of 1857

History & Culture

Useful for: UPSC Civil Services

Overview

The revolt of 1857 began as a sepoy mutiny and spread into a wide uprising; it ended Company rule and brought India under the Crown.

Key points

  • Mangal Pandey’s act at Barrackpore (March 1857) preceded the outbreak at Meerut on 10 May 1857.
  • Leaders: Bahadur Shah Zafar (Delhi), Rani Lakshmibai (Jhansi), Nana Saheb and Tantia Tope (Kanpur), Begum Hazrat Mahal (Lucknow), Kunwar Singh (Jagdishpur, Bihar).
  • Immediate cause: the Enfield rifle cartridges believed to be greased with animal fat.
  • The Government of India Act, 1858 transferred power from the Company to the Crown.
  • Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1 November 1858) promised non-interference in religion and respect for treaties.
  • V. D. Savarkar called it the First War of Indian Independence.

Practice MCQs

  1. From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Revolt of 1857 is correct?

    1. The Revolt of 1857 had identical causes, leadership and participation throughout the subcontinent.
    2. Revolt of 1857 is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
    3. Revolt of 1857 has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
    4. The revolt had military origins but acquired wider civilian, landed and regional dimensions in several areas.

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    Show answer

    Answer: (d) The revolt had military origins but acquired wider civilian, landed and regional dimensions in several areas.. The revolt had military origins but acquired wider civilian, landed and regional dimensions in several areas.

  2. Consider the following statements on Revolt of 1857, focusing on definition and scope: 1. The Revolt of 1857 had identical causes, leadership and participation throughout the subcontinent. 2. The revolt had military origins but acquired wider civilian, landed and regional dimensions in several areas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2

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    Show answer

    Answer: (b) 2 only. Statement 2 is correct; Statement 1 is a common misconception.

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