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Home › Exam notes › OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher › Reproduction

Reproduction

Life Science / Biology

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, OSEPA Upper Primary — Science, OSSC Science, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ, SSB Lecturer (Degree Colleges), SSB TGT CBZ

Overview

Organisms reproduce asexually (one parent, identical offspring) or sexually (two parents, variation); flowering plants and humans have specialised reproductive systems.

Key points

  • Binary fission (Amoeba), budding (Hydra, yeast), fragmentation (Spirogyra), spore formation (Rhizopus).
  • Vegetative propagation uses roots, stems or leaves (potato, Bryophyllum).
  • In flowers, the stamen is male and the pistil is female.
  • Pollination transfers pollen; fertilisation fuses male and female gametes.
  • Sexual reproduction produces variation.
  • Reproductive health includes hygiene, nutrition and informed family planning.

Explanation

  • Self-pollination and cross-pollination differ in pollen source.
  • The ovary develops into the fruit and the ovules into seeds.
  • Tissue culture is used for mass propagation.
  • Puberty brings changes driven by hormones.
  • Age-appropriate reproductive health education is part of school health.

Step by step

  1. Identify the concept, law or fact asked.
  2. Recall the definition, formula, example or year.
  3. Apply it and eliminate mismatched options.

Examples

  • Hydra producing a small outgrowth that detaches → budding.
  • Bryophyllum leaves growing new plants → vegetative propagation.
  • The ovary becoming a fruit after fertilisation → plant reproduction.

Traps and advanced points

  • Trap: Calling budding fission.
  • Trap: Swapping stamen and pistil.
  • Trap: Saying asexual reproduction produces variation.

Quick revision

  • Asexual types with examples.
  • Stamen male, pistil female.
  • Variation from sexual reproduction.

Practice MCQs

  1. Amoeba reproduces mainly by —

    1. spores
    2. fragmentation
    3. budding
    4. binary fission

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    Answer: (d) binary fission. Binary fission.

  2. Hydra reproduces asexually by —

    1. binary fission
    2. spores
    3. pollination
    4. budding

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    Answer: (d) budding. Budding.

  3. Spirogyra reproduces by —

    1. fragmentation
    2. budding
    3. seeds
    4. spores only

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    Answer: (a) fragmentation. Fragmentation.

  4. Rhizopus (bread mould) reproduces by —

    1. budding
    2. seeds
    3. spore formation
    4. binary fission

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    Answer: (c) spore formation. Spores.

  5. Bryophyllum reproduces vegetatively through its —

    1. leaves
    2. flowers
    3. seeds
    4. roots only

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    Answer: (a) leaves. Leaf buds.

  6. The male part of a flower is the —

    1. stamen
    2. ovary
    3. sepal
    4. pistil

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    Answer: (a) stamen. Stamen.

  7. Transfer of pollen to the stigma is —

    1. germination
    2. budding
    3. fertilisation
    4. pollination

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    Answer: (d) pollination. Pollination.

  8. After fertilisation, the ovary becomes the —

    1. seed
    2. fruit
    3. flower
    4. leaf

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    Answer: (b) fruit. Ovules become seeds.

  9. Variation mainly results from —

    1. budding
    2. fragmentation
    3. sexual reproduction
    4. binary fission

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    Answer: (c) sexual reproduction. Recombination of genes.

  10. Potato is propagated by its —

    1. roots
    2. leaves
    3. seeds only
    4. stem tubers

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    Answer: (d) stem tubers. Tubers are modified stems.

More topics in this chapter

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.