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Memory & Storage

Reasoning & Computer Aptitude · Computer Fundamentals

Useful for: IBPS Banking, KVS, NVS, OTET, OSSTET, UGC NET, EMRS, OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher

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CTSA / STSS, Central Univ./IIT/NIT Faculty, Junior Teacher, OAVS, OPSC Assistant Professor, OPSC PGT, OSEPA Primary Teacher / JT Category-I, OSEPA Upper Primary — Arts, OSEPA Upper Primary — Science, OSSC Teacher Readiness, OSSSC Govt Physical Education Teacher (PET), OSSSC Govt TGT Arts, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — PCM, Sainik Schools, Special OTET, SSB Lecturer / PGT, SSB School Teachers

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Overview

Computer memory is primary (fast, close to the CPU) or secondary (large, permanent storage).

Key points

RAM is volatile; ROM is non-volatile.
SRAM is faster and used for cache; DRAM is used for main memory.
ROM types: PROM (programmed once), EPROM (erased with UV light), EEPROM/flash (erased electrically).
Secondary storage: HDD (magnetic), SSD (flash), optical discs, pen drives.
1 GB = 1,024 MB; 1 TB = 1,024 GB.

Explanation

Virtual memory uses disk space as an extension of RAM.
Cache reduces the time the CPU waits for data.
SSDs have no moving parts and are faster than HDDs.
BIOS/firmware is stored in ROM/flash.

Step by step

Identify the term or device asked.
Recall its definition or function.
Eliminate options from other categories.

Examples

Cache memory is usually made of → SRAM.
ROM that is erased electrically → EEPROM.
1 GB equals → 1,024 MB.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Calling RAM permanent.
Trap: Mixing EPROM (UV) and EEPROM (electric).
Trap: Thinking HDDs are faster than SSDs.

Quick revision

SRAM cache, DRAM main.
EPROM UV, EEPROM electric.
1,024 steps.

Practice MCQs

Computer awareness: “ROM” is best matched with:
1. Central Processing Unit
2. system that filters network traffic according to rules
3. Read Only Memory
4. service that indexes/retrieves web information
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Answer: (c) Read Only Memory. ROM” is best matched with Read Only Memory.
Computer awareness: “RAM” is best matched with:
1. Structured Query Language
2. application used to access web content
3. Random Access Memory
4. Internet Protocol
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Answer: (c) Random Access Memory. RAM” is best matched with Random Access Memory.
ROM is mainly —
1. non-volatile and stores start-up instructions
2. an input device
3. a printer
4. volatile
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Answer: (a) non-volatile and stores start-up instructions. ROM keeps firmware such as boot instructions.
Which is the fastest memory?
1. Pen drive
2. Hard disk
3. Cache
4. DVD
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Answer: (c) Cache. Cache is faster than RAM and storage.
1 kilobyte (KB) equals —
1. 100 bytes
2. 1,000 bits
3. 1,024 bytes
4. 8 bytes
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Answer: (c) 1,024 bytes. 1 KB = 1,024 bytes (binary).
Which is an input device?
1. Printer
2. Keyboard
3. Speaker
4. Monitor
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Answer: (b) Keyboard. The keyboard sends data into the computer.
SSDs are faster than HDDs because they —
1. use spinning disks
2. have no moving parts (flash memory)
3. use magnetic tape
4. use optical lasers
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Answer: (b) have no moving parts (flash memory). Flash memory has no mechanical delay.
The CPU’s ALU performs —
1. storage
2. networking
3. arithmetic and logic operations
4. printing
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Answer: (c) arithmetic and logic operations. The arithmetic logic unit calculates and compares.
Which is application software?
1. Operating system
2. Spreadsheet program
3. Device driver
4. BIOS
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Answer: (b) Spreadsheet program. A spreadsheet serves a user task.
One byte consists of —
1. 4 bits
2. 8 bits
3. 16 bits
4. 1,024 bits
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Answer: (b) 8 bits. 1 byte = 8 bits.