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LAN, WAN & Network Devices

Reasoning & Computer Aptitude · Office, Database & Networking

Useful for: SSC CGL, IBPS Banking, KVS, NVS, OTET, OSSTET, BPSC TRE, UGC NET

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Overview

Networking covers network types, topologies, devices and the OSI model; cyber security covers common threats and protections.

Key points

LAN covers a building; MAN a city; WAN a country or the world.
Topologies: star (central hub/switch), bus (single backbone), ring, mesh.
Devices: router (between networks), switch (within a LAN), modem (converts signals).
OSI model has 7 layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application.
Threats: phishing, malware (virus, worm, trojan, ransomware), spyware.

Explanation

A firewall filters network traffic.
Two-factor authentication adds a second proof of identity.
Ransomware encrypts data and demands payment.
Report cyber fraud on helpline 1930 or cybercrime.gov.in; CERT-In is India’s national cyber security agency.

Step by step

Recall the exact term or function asked.
Eliminate options from a different category (hardware vs software, input vs output).
Check the shortcut or acronym expansion.

Examples

The OSI layer responsible for routing → network layer.
Malware that encrypts files for ransom → ransomware.
Device that connects different networks → router.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Mixing router and switch.
Trap: Calling a trojan self-replicating (that is a worm).
Trap: Wrong OSI layer order.

Quick revision

7 OSI layers (Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away).
Router between networks.
Report on 1930.

Practice MCQs

Concept check: What does URL stand for?
1. Uniform Resource Locator
2. Unified Remote Locator
3. Universal Routing Link
4. User Resource List
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Answer: (a) Uniform Resource Locator. Correct: Uniform Resource Locator.
Applied recall: What does “download” mean?
1. Encrypt a keyboard
2. Restart the router
3. Receive data from a remote system to a local device
4. Create a user account only
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Answer: (c) Receive data from a remote system to a local device. Correct: Receive data from a remote system to a local device.
What does LAN stand for?
1. Local Analog Network
2. Local Area Network
3. Linked Application Number
4. Long Access Node
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Answer: (b) Local Area Network. Correct: Local Area Network.
Before entering banking credentials on a site, which check is most useful?
1. Verify the genuine domain and secure connection, not just the page appearance
2. Share the OTP with support callers
3. Trust any link in a message
4. Disable browser security
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Answer: (a) Verify the genuine domain and secure connection, not just the page appearance. Correct: Verify the genuine domain and secure connection, not just the page appearance.
Which protocol is normally used for secure web browsing?
1. FTP
2. Telnet
3. HTTPS
4. POP3
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Answer: (c) HTTPS. Correct: HTTPS.
In a Jaipur office practice scenario, Which device normally forwards packets between different IP networks?
1. Scanner
2. Keyboard
3. Projector
4. Router
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Answer: (d) Router. Correct: Router.
In a Pune office practice scenario, A Trojan horse is best described as what?
1. A physical firewall
2. Malicious software disguised as legitimate software
3. A secure encryption standard
4. A database index
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Answer: (b) Malicious software disguised as legitimate software. Correct: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
In a Bhopal office practice scenario, Concept check: What is malware?
1. A legal software licence
2. A spreadsheet chart
3. A type of printer
4. A broad term for malicious software
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Answer: (d) A broad term for malicious software. Correct: A broad term for malicious software.
In a Bhopal office practice scenario, Concept check: A computer virus typically does what?
1. Only improves performance
2. Acts only as a network cable
3. Attaches to/infects files or programs and replicates when executed
4. Creates backups automatically
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Answer: (c) Attaches to/infects files or programs and replicates when executed. Correct: Attaches to/infects files or programs and replicates when executed.
In a Jaipur office practice scenario, What does LAN stand for?
1. Local Area Network
2. Long Access Node
3. Linked Application Number
4. Local Analog Network
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Answer: (a) Local Area Network. Correct: Local Area Network.
In a Jaipur office practice scenario, What does WAN stand for?
1. Wide Area Network
2. Web Access Node
3. Wireless Analog Network
4. Wide Application Number
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Answer: (a) Wide Area Network. Correct: Wide Area Network.
In a Jaipur office practice scenario, Which device commonly forwards Ethernet frames within a LAN using MAC addresses?
1. Webcam
2. Switch
3. Speaker
4. Printer
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Answer: (b) Switch. Correct: Switch.
In a Pune office practice scenario, What is the main purpose of a firewall?
1. Convert every file to PDF
2. Filter network traffic according to security rules
3. Cool the processor
4. Increase screen resolution
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Answer: (b) Filter network traffic according to security rules. Correct: Filter network traffic according to security rules.
In a Pune office practice scenario, Which malware can self-replicate and spread across networks without attaching to a host file?
1. Spreadsheet
2. Compiler
3. Worm
4. Driver
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Answer: (c) Worm. Correct: Worm.
In a Pune office practice scenario, A computer virus typically does what?
1. Creates backups automatically
2. Only improves performance
3. Acts only as a network cable
4. Attaches to/infects files or programs and replicates when executed
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Answer: (d) Attaches to/infects files or programs and replicates when executed. Correct: Attaches to/infects files or programs and replicates when executed.