Health, Education & Human Resources

Overview

Health and education build human capital; national policies aim at universal access, quality and adequate public spending.

Key points

• National Health Policy (2017) targets public health spending of 2.5% of GDP by 2025.
• Ayushman Bharat (2018) has two pillars: Health and Wellness Centres and PM-JAY (cover of ₹5 lakh per family per year).
• NEP 2020 introduces a 5+3+3+4 school structure and targets public education spending of 6% of GDP.
• The RTE Act (2009) guarantees free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14.
• The National Medical Commission Act (2019) replaced the Medical Council of India.
• Skilling programmes such as PMKVY aim to improve employability.

Practice MCQs

1. From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Health, Education & Human Resources is correct?

   1. Higher spending or enrolment alone proves that service quality and outcomes are adequate.
   2. Health, Education & Human Resources is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
   3. Health, Education & Human Resources has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
   4. Health systems combine public health, primary care, referral services, workforce, financing, medicines and regulation.

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   Answer: (d) Health systems combine public health, primary care, referral services, workforce, financing, medicines and regulation.. Health systems combine public health, primary care, referral services, workforce, financing, medicines and regulation.

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2. Consider the following statements on Health, Education & Human Resources and Governance & Accountability, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Higher spending or enrolment alone proves that service quality and outcomes are adequate. 2. Digitizing a service automatically removes corruption, exclusion and accountability problems. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. 1 only
   2. 2 only
   3. Both 1 and 2
   4. Neither 1 nor 2

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   Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2. Neither statement is correct; both are common misconceptions.

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More topics in this chapter

• Poverty and unemployment
• Transparency, Accountability & E-Governance
• Civil Services & Governance Reform