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Guidance and counselling

Teacher Education / Education Studies

Useful for: OSSC Economics, OSSC English, OSSC Foundation Course, OSSC Geography, OSSC History, OSSC Mathematics, OSSC Odia, OSSC Political Science

and 2 more exams

OSSC Science, SSB Lecturer (Degree Colleges)

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Overview

Guidance helps students make informed educational, vocational and personal choices; counselling is a focused, confidential helping relationship.

Key points

Types of guidance: educational, vocational and personal-social.
Directive counselling (E. G. Williamson) is counsellor-centred.
Non-directive counselling (Carl Rogers) is client-centred.
Eclectic counselling (F. C. Thorne) combines approaches.
Confidentiality and empathy are basic principles.
Manodarpan (2020) offers psychosocial support to students.

Explanation

Career guidance uses aptitude, interest and information about jobs.
Teachers can refer serious cases to professionals.
Group guidance sessions cover study skills and exam stress.
Cumulative records help counsellors.
Parents should be involved where appropriate.

Step by step

Identify the concept, method or policy asked.
Recall the definition, thinker, year or rule.
Apply it to the situation and eliminate extreme options.

Examples

A counsellor lets a student talk freely and reflects feelings back → non-directive (Rogers).
A counsellor analyses test results and advises a stream → directive (Williamson).
A school holds a career fair → vocational guidance.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Mixing Williamson and Rogers.
Trap: Breaking confidentiality.
Trap: Treating guidance and counselling as identical.

Quick revision

Educational, vocational, personal.
Directive, non-directive, eclectic.
Manodarpan 2020.

Practice MCQs

Which is a type of guidance?
1. educational
2. vocational
3. personal-social
4. all of these
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Answer: (d) all of these. Guidance has all three types.
Directive counselling is associated with —
1. Carl Rogers
2. F. C. Thorne
3. Sigmund Freud
4. E. G. Williamson
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Answer: (d) E. G. Williamson. Counsellor-centred.
Non-directive (client-centred) counselling is associated with —
1. Skinner
2. Williamson
3. Carl Rogers
4. Thorne
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Answer: (c) Carl Rogers. Rogers stressed empathy.
Eclectic counselling was proposed by —
1. F. C. Thorne
2. Carl Rogers
3. Williamson
4. Maslow
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Answer: (a) F. C. Thorne. It combines approaches.
A basic principle of counselling is —
1. ranking
2. confidentiality
3. public sharing
4. punishment
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Answer: (b) confidentiality. Trust depends on confidentiality.
Manodarpan (2020) provides —
1. school buses
2. psychosocial support to students
3. free textbooks
4. exam fees
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Answer: (b) psychosocial support to students. Mental-health support initiative.
A school career fair is an example of —
1. remedial teaching
2. punishment
3. summative test
4. vocational guidance
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Answer: (d) vocational guidance. It informs career choices.
A counsellor letting a student talk freely and reflecting feelings back is using —
1. non-directive counselling
2. punishment
3. testing
4. directive counselling
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Answer: (a) non-directive counselling. Rogers’ approach.
Teachers should refer serious cases to —
1. nobody
2. social media
3. professionals
4. classmates
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Answer: (c) professionals. Specialist help may be needed.
Guidance differs from counselling because guidance is —
1. always one-to-one
2. only for illness
3. only for exams
4. broader and for many students
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Answer: (d) broader and for many students. Counselling is a focused, individual process.