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First aid and sports injuries

Physical Education

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, OSSC Physical Education Instructor, OSSSC Govt Physical Education Teacher (PET), SSB PET

Overview

Sports medicine prevents and treats injuries; first aid gives immediate care until professional help arrives.

Key points

  • RICE: rest, ice, compression, elevation for soft-tissue injuries.
  • A sprain injures a ligament; a strain injures a muscle or tendon.
  • CPR for adults uses 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
  • Signs of heat stroke include high temperature and confusion; cool the person and seek help.
  • Suspected concussion requires removal from play and medical assessment.
  • WADA was formed in 1999; India’s National Anti-Doping Agency in 2005.

Explanation

  • Fractures can be simple or compound (bone breaks the skin).
  • Never move a suspected spinal injury without support.
  • First-aid kits should be available at all events.
  • Return to play should be gradual.
  • Hydration prevents heat illness.

Step by step

  1. Identify the concept, rule or fact asked.
  2. Recall the definition, formula, example or year.
  3. Apply it and eliminate mismatched options.

Examples

  • A twisted ankle with swelling → RICE.
  • A pulled hamstring → strain.
  • A player dazed after a head knock → remove from play; concussion check.

Traps and advanced points

  • Trap: Mixing sprain and strain.
  • Trap: Wrong CPR ratio.
  • Trap: Returning to play too soon.

Quick revision

  • RICE.
  • Sprain ligament; strain muscle.
  • CPR 30:2; WADA 1999; NADA 2005.

Practice MCQs

  1. The first-aid rule for a sprain is RICE — Rest, Ice, Compression and —

    1. Exercise
    2. Elevation
    3. Energy
    4. Eating

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    Answer: (b) Elevation. Raise the injured part above heart level.

  2. RICE stands for rest, ice, compression and —

    1. eating
    2. examination
    3. exercise
    4. elevation

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    Answer: (d) elevation. Elevation reduces swelling.

  3. A sprain is an injury to a —

    1. tendon only
    2. muscle
    3. ligament
    4. bone

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    Answer: (c) ligament. Ligament injury.

  4. A strain is an injury to a —

    1. bone
    2. cartilage only
    3. ligament
    4. muscle or tendon

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    Answer: (d) muscle or tendon. Muscle or tendon.

  5. Adult CPR uses compressions to breaths in the ratio —

    1. 5 : 1
    2. 10 : 1
    3. 15 : 2
    4. 30 : 2

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    Answer: (d) 30 : 2. 30 compressions, 2 breaths.

  6. A player dazed after a head knock should be —

    1. allowed to continue
    2. removed from play and assessed
    3. given water and sent back
    4. ignored

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    Answer: (b) removed from play and assessed. Possible concussion.

  7. WADA was formed in —

    1. 2010
    2. 1989
    3. 1999
    4. 2005

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    Answer: (c) 1999. World Anti-Doping Agency, 1999.

  8. India’s National Anti-Doping Agency was set up in —

    1. 2010
    2. 2015
    3. 1999
    4. 2005

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    Answer: (d) 2005. NADA 2005.

  9. A compound fracture is one where —

    1. the bone breaks the skin
    2. the bone cracks slightly
    3. only a muscle tears
    4. the joint dislocates

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    Answer: (a) the bone breaks the skin. Open fracture.

  10. Heat stroke first aid includes —

    1. hot drinks
    2. covering with blankets
    3. cooling the person and seeking help
    4. more exercise

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    Answer: (c) cooling the person and seeking help. Cool down quickly.

More topics in this chapter

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.