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Encryption & Backup

Reasoning & Computer Aptitude · Cyber & Digital Safety

Useful for: IBPS Banking

Overview

Encryption turns readable data into ciphertext using keys; backups keep copies so data can be restored.

Key points

Symmetric encryption uses one shared key; asymmetric uses a public key and a private key.
HTTPS uses TLS to encrypt web traffic.
A digital signature verifies the sender and integrity of a message.
Full backup copies everything; incremental copies changes since the last backup; differential copies changes since the last full backup.
3-2-1 rule: three copies, two media, one off-site.

Explanation

Asymmetric encryption is used to exchange keys; symmetric to encrypt bulk data.
Keep backups offline to protect against ransomware.
Test restoring backups regularly.
Hashing produces a fixed-length value and is one-way.

Step by step

Identify the term or device asked.
Recall its definition or function.
Eliminate options from other categories.

Examples

Encryption using a public and a private key → asymmetric.
Backup of changes since the last backup of any type → incremental.
Protocol that secures HTTPS → TLS.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Mixing incremental and differential.
Trap: Thinking hashing can be reversed.
Trap: Keeping the only backup online.

Quick revision

Symmetric 1 key; asymmetric 2 keys.
Incremental vs differential.
3-2-1 rule.

Practice MCQs

Computer awareness: “firewall” is best matched with:
1. application used to access web content
2. malicious software
3. Database Management System
4. system that filters network traffic according to rules
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Answer: (d) system that filters network traffic according to rules. Firewall” is best matched with system that filters network traffic according to rules.
Computer awareness: “MFA” is best matched with:
1. Hypertext Transfer Protocol
2. Portable Document Format
3. service that indexes/retrieves web information
4. Multi-Factor Authentication
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Answer: (d) Multi-Factor Authentication. MFA” is best matched with Multi-Factor Authentication.
Symmetric encryption uses —
1. one shared key
2. a public and a private key
3. no key
4. only passwords
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Answer: (a) one shared key. Shared key.
Asymmetric encryption uses —
1. a public key and a private key
2. no keys
3. three keys
4. one key
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Answer: (a) a public key and a private key. Key pair.
A digital signature verifies —
1. the speed
2. the sender and integrity of a message
3. the font
4. the file size
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Answer: (b) the sender and integrity of a message. Authenticity.
A full backup copies —
1. only new files
2. nothing
3. everything
4. only changes since last backup
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Answer: (c) everything. Full.
An incremental backup copies changes since —
1. the beginning
2. never
3. the last backup of any type
4. the last full backup only
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Answer: (c) the last backup of any type. Incremental.
A differential backup copies changes since —
1. the last incremental backup
2. yesterday only
3. never
4. the last full backup
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Answer: (d) the last full backup. Differential.
The 3-2-1 backup rule means three copies, two media and —
1. one deleted
2. one off-site
3. one online only
4. one printed
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Answer: (b) one off-site. Off-site copy.
Encryption mainly protects —
1. storage size
2. colour
3. confidentiality
4. speed
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Answer: (c) confidentiality. Confidentiality.