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Disaster Management

GS-III: Economy, Environment, Security, Disaster & Technology

Useful for: UPSC Civil Services

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Overview

India’s disaster management framework moved from relief to a holistic cycle of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.

Key points

  • The Disaster Management Act, 2005 created the NDMA (chaired by the Prime Minister), State and District Authorities.
  • The National Disaster Response Force is the specialised response force.
  • The National Policy on Disaster Management was adopted in 2009; the first National Disaster Management Plan in 2016.
  • The Sendai Framework (2015–2030) guides disaster risk reduction internationally.
  • Response funds (SDRF, NDRF) are complemented by mitigation funds recommended by the 15th Finance Commission.
  • District plans make local administration the first responder.

Practice MCQs

  1. From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Disaster Management is correct?

    1. Risk is shaped by hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.
    2. Disaster management begins only after a hazard has caused damage.
    3. Disaster Management is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
    4. Disaster Management has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.

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    Answer: (a) Risk is shaped by hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.. Risk is shaped by hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.

  2. Consider the following statements on Disaster Management and Irrigation, Cropping & Agricultural Productivity, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Disaster management begins only after a hazard has caused damage. 2. Expanding irrigation alone guarantees sustainable agricultural productivity. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2

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    Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2. Neither statement is correct; both are common misconceptions.

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