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Coded Blood Relations & Pointing

General Intelligence & Reasoning · Blood Relations

Useful for: SSC CGL

Overview

Coded blood relations define symbols for relations (P + Q means P is the father of Q); you decode the chain and then name the relation.

Key points

Write each coded link as a plain sentence before drawing.
Chains like A + B − C link three people through B.
Gender is often fixed by the symbol (father/sister) — mark it.
Pointing statements: start from the speaker ("my") and work outwards.
The answer must use both generation and gender.

Explanation

Read chains from left to right.
If a symbol gives "is the child of", draw the line downward from the parent.
When options are "cannot be determined", check whether the gender of the end person is known.
For "which expression shows that…", test each option by drawing.

Step by step

Decode each link.
Draw the chain.
Name the relation.

Examples

If P + Q means P is the father of Q and P − Q means P is the sister of Q, then A + B − C means A is the father of B and B is the sister of C → A is C’s father.
"Her mother is the only daughter of my mother," says a man about a girl → the girl is his niece.
If P × Q means P is the brother of Q and P ÷ Q means P is the mother of Q, then A ÷ B × C → A is the mother of C.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Applying a symbol in the wrong direction.
Trap: Ignoring the gender fixed by a symbol.
Trap: Losing track of generations in long chains.

Quick revision

Decode to sentences first.
Left-to-right chain.
Generation + gender in the answer.

Practice MCQs

If A x B means A is father of B, A - B means A is mother of B, then P x Q - R means R is P's:
1. Grandchild
2. Son
3. Daughter
4. Nephew
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Answer: (a) Grandchild. P × Q → P is father of Q.
A + B means A is brother of B; A - B means A is sister of B; A x B means A is father of B. Then M x N + O means:
1. O is father of M
2. M is father of N and O
3. M is brother of O
4. N is sister of O
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Answer: (b) M is father of N and O. M × N → M is father of N.
Pointing to a lady, Mohan said, 'She is the daughter of the only son of my grandmother.' The lady is Mohan's:
1. Sister
2. Mother
3. Aunt
4. Cousin
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Answer: (a) Sister. Grandmother's only son = Mohan's father.
If P/Q means P is mother of Q, P+Q means P is father of Q, then A+B/C shows A is C's:
1. Grandfather
2. Father
3. Uncle
4. Brother
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Answer: (a) Grandfather. A + B → A is father of B.
A woman introduces a man as the son of the brother of her mother. How is the man related to the woman?
1. Uncle
2. Nephew
3. Cousin
4. Brother
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Answer: (c) Cousin. Mother's brother = maternal uncle (mama).
If A is the sister of B, B is the son of C, C is the mother of D, then A is D's:
1. Mother
2. Aunt
3. Cousin
4. Sister
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Answer: (d) Sister. B is C's son; A is B's sister → A is also C's daughter.
In 'A @ B' A is husband of B, 'A # B' A is daughter of B. Then P @ Q # R means R is P's:
1. Son
2. Father-in-law
3. Father
4. Brother
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Answer: (b) Father-in-law. P @ Q → P is husband of Q.
X is brother of Y. Z is father of X. W is brother of Z. Then W is Y's:
1. Grandfather
2. Brother
3. Uncle
4. Father
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Answer: (c) Uncle. Z is father of X and Y.
A is the mother of B and C. If D is the husband of C, then A is D's:
1. Mother-in-law
2. Mother
3. Aunt
4. Sister
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Answer: (a) Mother-in-law. C is A's daughter; D is C's husband → A is D's mother-in-law (saas).
If 'P & Q' means P is son of Q and 'P * Q' means P is wife of Q, then A & B * C means C is A's:
1. Uncle
2. Father
3. Mother
4. Brother
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Answer: (b) Father. A & B → A is son of B.
Sana Verma is the mother of Dev Verma. Dev Verma is the brother of Maya Verma. How is Sana Verma related to Maya Verma?
1. Father
2. Maternal uncle
3. Mother
4. Paternal aunt
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Answer: (c) Mother. Draw a tiny family tree.
Dev Verma is the brother of Diya Verma. Diya Verma is the mother of Sana Verma. How is Dev Verma related to Sana Verma?
1. Father
2. Mother
3. Maternal uncle
4. Paternal aunt
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Answer: (c) Maternal uncle. Draw a tiny family tree.
Aarav Verma is the father of Diya Verma. Diya Verma is the sister of Kabir Verma. How is Aarav Verma related to Kabir Verma?
1. Mother
2. Paternal aunt
3. Father
4. Maternal uncle
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Answer: (c) Father. Draw a tiny family tree.
Sana Rao is the mother of Dev Rao. Dev Rao is the brother of Maya Rao. How is Sana Rao related to Maya Rao?
1. Maternal uncle
2. Paternal aunt
3. Father
4. Mother
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Answer: (d) Mother. Draw a tiny family tree.
Arjun Das is the brother of Diya Das. Diya Das is the mother of Nisha Das. How is Arjun Das related to Nisha Das?
1. Mother
2. Paternal aunt
3. Maternal uncle
4. Father
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Answer: (c) Maternal uncle. Draw a tiny family tree.