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Case-Based Arithmetic

Quantitative Aptitude / DI · Advanced Quant / Data

Overview

Case-based questions wrap several arithmetic steps into a short real-life situation such as savings, deposits or pricing.

Key points

Write each given value with its label before calculating.
Do the steps in the order the case describes.
Use percentage and ratio shortcuts.
Answer exactly what is asked (amount, rate, difference).
Banking cases: deposits, interest, EMIs, savings.

Explanation

Remainders after spending: apply percentages to the remaining amount, not the original.
Mark-up then discount: use successive percentage.
Simple interest grows linearly.
Re-read the question line before choosing.

Step by step

Translate the data or statement into numbers.
Compute step by step with the right formula.
Compare with options; check reasonableness.

Examples

₹10,000 at 8% simple interest for 3 years → amount ₹12,400.
Salary ₹40,000; spends 60%; saves 30% of the remainder → remainder ₹16,000 → savings ₹4,800.
CP ₹800, marked 25% above, 10% discount → SP ₹900 → profit 12.5%.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Applying the second percentage to the original amount.
Trap: Answering an intermediate value.
Trap: Adding mark-up and discount directly.

Quick revision

Label every value.
Percent of remainder.
Answer what is asked.

Practice MCQs

Values are 306, 230, 214, 256. Find the range (highest − lowest).
1. 82.8
2. 101.2
3. 110.4
4. 92
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Answer: (d) 92. Highest = 306, lowest = 214. Range = 306 − 214 = 92.
Values are 313, 228, 203, 312. Find the range (highest − lowest).
1. 121
2. 110
3. 132
4. 99
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Answer: (b) 110. Highest = 313, lowest = 203. Range = 313 − 203 = 110.
Values are 319, 242, 225, 250. Find the range (highest − lowest).
1. 112.8
2. 94
3. 103.4
4. 84.6
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Answer: (b) 94. Highest = 319, lowest = 225. Range = 319 − 225 = 94.
Values are 326, 240, 214, 306. Find the range (highest − lowest).
1. 123.2
2. 100.8
3. 134.4
4. 112
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Answer: (d) 112. Highest = 326, lowest = 214. Range = 326 − 214 = 112.
Values are 334, 252, 230, 270. Find the range (highest − lowest).
1. 114.4
2. 93.6
3. 124.8
4. 104
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Answer: (d) 104. Highest = 334, lowest = 230. Range = 334 − 230 = 104.
Simplify: 32 + 10 × 9 = ?
1. 131
2. 122
3. 140
4. 113
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Answer: (b) 122. BODMAS: multiplication first.
Simplify: 34 + 6 × 11 = ?
1. 100
2. 89
3. 122
4. 111
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Answer: (a) 100. BODMAS: multiplication first.
Simplify: 39 + 3 × 6 = ?
1. 51
2. 69
3. 63
4. 57
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Answer: (d) 57. BODMAS: multiplication first.
Simplify: 13 + 11 × 11 = ?
1. 156
2. 145
3. 123
4. 134
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Answer: (d) 134. BODMAS: multiplication first.
Simplify: 18 + 11 × 11 = ?
1. 161
2. 139
3. 150
4. 128
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Answer: (b) 139. BODMAS: multiplication first.