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Home › Exam notes › OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher › British expansion

British expansion

History

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, OSEPA Upper Primary — Arts, OSSC History, OSSSC Govt TGT Arts, SSB Lecturer (Degree Colleges), SSB TGT Arts

Overview

The East India Company turned trade into territorial power; its revenue systems and policies drained wealth and restructured India’s economy.

Key points

  • The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
  • Regulating Act (1773) and Pitt’s India Act (1784) began parliamentary control.
  • Charter Act 1813 ended the Company’s trade monopoly in India (except tea and trade with China); Charter Act 1833 ended its trading role and created the Governor-General of India.
  • Permanent Settlement (1793, Cornwallis) in Bengal; Ryotwari (Munro) in Madras; Mahalwari (Holt Mackenzie) in the north-west.
  • Subsidiary Alliance (Wellesley) and Doctrine of Lapse (Dalhousie) expanded British control.
  • Dadabhai Naoroji explained the "drain of wealth" in Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.

Explanation

  • Deindustrialisation hit handicrafts as British manufactures entered.
  • Commercialisation of agriculture increased indigo and cotton cultivation.
  • Famines were worsened by revenue demands and exports.
  • Indigo revolt (1859–60) and peasant movements followed.

Step by step

  1. Identify the concept, law or fact asked.
  2. Recall the definition, formula, example or year.
  3. Apply it and eliminate mismatched options.

Examples

  • Statement: "The Charter Act of 1833 ended the Company’s commercial functions." → Correct.
  • Statement: "The Permanent Settlement was introduced by Munro." → Incorrect (Cornwallis; Munro is linked with Ryotwari).
  • Statement: "The Doctrine of Lapse is associated with Dalhousie." → Correct.

Traps and advanced points

  • Trap: Mixing land-revenue systems and their architects.
  • Trap: Dating the end of the trade monopoly to 1833 instead of 1813.
  • Trap: Crediting the subsidiary alliance to Dalhousie.

Quick revision

  • 1765 Diwani.
  • 1813 monopoly ends; 1833 trade ends.
  • Cornwallis–Permanent; Munro–Ryotwari.

Practice MCQs

  1. The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company —

    1. the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
    2. control of Punjab
    3. the right to trade in China
    4. Hyderabad

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    Answer: (a) the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Revenue rights.

  2. Parliamentary control over the Company began with the —

    1. Regulating Act, 1773
    2. Charter Act, 1833
    3. Government of India Act, 1858
    4. Indian Councils Act, 1861

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    Answer: (a) Regulating Act, 1773. Followed by Pitt’s India Act (1784).

  3. The Company’s trade monopoly in India ended with the —

    1. Regulating Act
    2. Pitt’s India Act
    3. Charter Act, 1813
    4. Charter Act, 1833

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    Answer: (c) Charter Act, 1813. Except tea and China trade.

  4. The Permanent Settlement (1793) was introduced by —

    1. Wellesley
    2. Dalhousie
    3. Munro
    4. Cornwallis

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    Answer: (d) Cornwallis. In Bengal.

  5. The Ryotwari system is associated with —

    1. Holt Mackenzie
    2. Wellesley
    3. Thomas Munro
    4. Cornwallis

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    Answer: (c) Thomas Munro. Madras.

  6. The Mahalwari system is associated with —

    1. Bentinck
    2. Holt Mackenzie
    3. Munro
    4. Cornwallis

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    Answer: (b) Holt Mackenzie. North-western provinces.

  7. The Subsidiary Alliance was devised by —

    1. Curzon
    2. Wellesley
    3. Dalhousie
    4. Hastings

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    Answer: (b) Wellesley. Wellesley.

  8. The Doctrine of Lapse is associated with —

    1. Cornwallis
    2. Ripon
    3. Dalhousie
    4. Wellesley

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    Answer: (c) Dalhousie. Dalhousie.

  9. The "drain of wealth" theory was explained by —

    1. Dadabhai Naoroji
    2. Tilak
    3. Gokhale
    4. Nehru

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    Answer: (a) Dadabhai Naoroji. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.

  10. Pitt’s India Act was passed in —

    1. 1813
    2. 1773
    3. 1784
    4. 1793

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    Answer: (c) 1784. 1784.

More topics in this chapter

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.