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Analogy, Classification and Series

Reasoning & Mental Ability

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Overview

Semantic items test meaning-based relationships between words, odd-one-out by meaning, and series built on meaning or numbers.

Key points

Relationships: function (pen–write), cause–effect, part–whole, degree (warm–hot), synonym/antonym.
Classification by meaning: find the common category and the item outside it.
Number series in often mix two operations (× 2 + 1, n² + n).
Order of a pair matters in analogies.
Prefer the most specific relationship.

Explanation

Test two candidate relationships when options look close.
Geometric shapes: classify by properties (all sides equal, curved boundary).
Series may alternate between two rules.
Use elimination: remove options that break the category.

Step by step

Identify the pattern, rule or relationship.
Apply it carefully to the question part.
Verify against every condition before marking.

Examples

Pen : Write :: Knife : Cut (tool : function).
Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Circle → Circle (not a polygon).
7, 14, 28, 56, ? → × 2 → 112.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Choosing loosely associated words.
Trap: Ignoring order in the pair.
Trap: Missing alternate rules in series.

Quick revision

Precise relationship sentence.
Category first.
Check alternate rules.

Practice MCQs

From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about General Mental Ability is correct?
1. General Mental Ability has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
2. Logical reasoning, numerical ability and data interpretation are part of Paper I general ability.
3. A plausible conclusion is valid even if it does not follow from the given information.
4. General Mental Ability is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
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Answer: (b) Logical reasoning, numerical ability and data interpretation are part of Paper I general ability.. Logical reasoning, numerical ability and data interpretation are part of Paper I general ability.
Consider the following statements on General Mental Ability and Basic Economics, focusing on definition and scope: 1. A plausible conclusion is valid even if it does not follow from the given information. 2. A rise in GDP guarantees that every household’s income rises equally. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2. Neither statement is correct; both are common misconceptions.
With reference to General Mental Ability (definition and scope), consider the following statements: 1. Logical reasoning, numerical ability and data interpretation are part of Paper I general ability. 2. A plausible conclusion is valid even if it does not follow from the given information. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (a) 1 only. Only statement 1 is correct.
Pen : Write :: Knife : ?
1. Cut
2. Sharp
3. Steel
4. Cook
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Answer: (a) Cut. Function relationship.
Warm : Hot :: Cool : ?
1. Winter
2. Water
3. Cold
4. Ice
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Answer: (c) Cold. Degree relationship.
Find the odd one: Rose, Lotus, Lily, Mango
1. Rose
2. Lotus
3. Lily
4. Mango
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Answer: (d) Mango. Mango is a fruit; others are flowers.
Next term: 3, 7, 15, 31, ?
1. 64
2. 47
3. 62
4. 63
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Answer: (d) 63. × 2 + 1.
Next term: 2, 6, 12, 20, ?
1. 28
2. 30
3. 32
4. 36
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Answer: (b) 30. n² + n: 5² + 5 = 30.
Wheel : Car :: Page : ?
1. Paper
2. Pen
3. Word
4. Book
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Answer: (d) Book. Part–whole.
In analogies, the order of a pair —
1. matters
2. does not matter
3. is random
4. is reversed
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Answer: (a) matters. A : B is not B : A.