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Vocabulary and usage

Telugu — Subject Knowledge (130 marks) · Vocabulary and usage

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher

Overview

Telugu vocabulary includes native (desya), Sanskrit-derived (tatsama and tadbhava) and borrowed (anya desya) words; usage depends on register and context.

Key points

  • Tatsama words come from Sanskrit unchanged; tadbhava words are modified forms.
  • Desya words are native Telugu words.
  • Anya desya words are borrowed from other languages (e.g. Urdu, English).
  • Synonyms and antonyms expand expression.
  • Proverbs (sametalu) carry traditional wisdom.
  • Formal and spoken registers differ.

Explanation

  • Literary Telugu uses more tatsama words.
  • Dialects vary across regions.
  • Use dictionaries and reading to grow vocabulary.
  • Idioms should be used in context.
  • Respect learners’ dialects while teaching standard forms.

Step by step

  1. Identify the word source or meaning.
  2. Recall the term and example.
  3. Choose by context.

Examples

  • A word taken unchanged from Sanskrit → tatsama.
  • A native Telugu word → desya.
  • A traditional saying → sameta.

Traps and advanced points

  • Trap: Mixing tatsama and tadbhava.
  • Trap: Literal reading of idioms.
  • Trap: Ignoring register.

Quick revision

  • Tatsama, tadbhava, desya, anya desya.
  • Sametalu.
  • Register.

Practice MCQs

  1. Telugu words borrowed from Sanskrit with little change, given Telugu endings, are called

    1. gramyamulu
    2. desyamulu
    3. anyadesyamulu
    4. tatsamamulu

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    Show answer

    Answer: (d) tatsamamulu. Tatsama means 'same as that'.

  2. Native Telugu words not derived from Sanskrit are called

    1. tadbhavamulu
    2. tatsamamulu
    3. desyamulu
    4. anyadesyamulu

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    Show answer

    Answer: (c) desyamulu. They come from the Dravidian base.

  3. Words borrowed from foreign languages such as English, Persian or Urdu are

    1. anyadesyamulu
    2. desyamulu
    3. tatsamamulu
    4. tadbhavamulu

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    Show answer

    Answer: (a) anyadesyamulu. Bassu (bus) is an example.

  4. Sanskrit or Prakrit words that changed form in Telugu are called

    1. tadbhavamulu
    2. tatsamamulu
    3. desyamulu
    4. gramyamulu

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    Answer: (a) tadbhavamulu. Their shape has changed over time.

  5. Colloquial or rustic usage, often avoided in formal writing, is called

    1. granthikam
    2. gramyam
    3. chandassu
    4. alankaram

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    Answer: (b) gramyam. Granthikam is the formal literary style.

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.