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Space Orientation, Visual Memory & Observation

General Intelligence & Reasoning · Spatial & Non-verbal Reasoning

Useful for: SSC CGL

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Overview

These items test how well you track positions, rotations and details in figures or short scenes.

Key points

Rotation: a figure turned 90° clockwise moves top → right → bottom → left.
Count elements systematically (rows first, then columns).
For maps and seating plans, fix one reference direction.
Visual memory items: note colour, shape, number and position.
Eliminate options that differ in any single detail.

Explanation

Use a corner mark (like a dot) to track rotation.
Mirror changes left and right; rotation keeps handedness.
Break complex figures into parts.
Check one feature at a time across all options.

Step by step

Observe features.
Track rotation or count.
Eliminate mismatches.

Examples

An arrow pointing up rotated 90° clockwise points right.
A figure with a dot at top-left, rotated 180°, has the dot at bottom-right.
In a 4 × 3 grid of squares, the number of small squares is 12.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Confusing rotation with reflection.
Trap: Counting the same element twice.
Trap: Checking only the overall shape.

Quick revision

Track one corner mark.
Rotation keeps handedness.
Compare one feature at a time.

Practice MCQs

Ravi walks 5 km north, turns right and walks 3 km, then turns right again and walks 5 km. How far is he from the start?
1. 5 km
2. 3 km
3. 8 km
4. 13 km
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Answer: (b) 3 km. He ends 3 km east of the starting point.
A person faces north and turns 90° clockwise, then 180° anticlockwise. Which direction does he face now?
1. West
2. East
3. North
4. South
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Answer: (a) West. North → East (90° clockwise) → West (180°).
In the morning, a man stands facing his shadow. Which direction is he facing?
1. North
2. East
3. West
4. South
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Answer: (c) West. The sun rises in the east, so morning shadows fall to the west.
Which direction is exactly opposite to south-east?
1. West
2. North-east
3. South-west
4. North-west
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Answer: (d) North-west. Opposite directions differ by 180°.
A, B and C stand in a row. B is to the right of A, and C is to the right of B. Who is in the middle?
1. Cannot be decided
2. A
3. C
4. B
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Answer: (d) B. The order from left is A, B, C.
If south-east is called north, north-east is called west, what will west be called?
1. South-east
2. North-west
3. South
4. East
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Answer: (a) South-east. Each direction is rotated 135° anticlockwise.

More topics in this chapter

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.