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Scientific Research & Everyday Applications

General Awareness · Science, Research & Technology

Useful for: SSC CGL

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Overview

Questions test landmark Indian scientific missions and institutions, and the science behind everyday devices.

Key points

ISRO was founded in 1969.
Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023 (now National Space Day).
Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission) was launched in 2013 and reached Mars orbit in 2014.
NavIC is India’s regional satellite navigation system.
A pressure cooker cooks faster because higher pressure raises the boiling point of water.

Explanation

Refrigerators work by evaporation of a refrigerant absorbing heat.
LEDs convert electricity to light efficiently with little heat.
Vaccines train the immune system using weakened or inactivated antigens.
CSIR and DRDO are major research bodies; DRDO handles defence research.

Step by step

Identify the exact fact asked (person, year, article, place).
Recall it from a linked group, not in isolation.
Eliminate options from the wrong period or category.

Examples

India’s regional navigation system is → NavIC.
Chandrayaan-3 landed on → 23 August 2023.
A pressure cooker cooks faster because → the boiling point of water rises with pressure.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Saying a pressure cooker lowers the boiling point.
Trap: Mixing Mangalyaan’s launch (2013) and arrival (2014).
Trap: Confusing NavIC with GPS.

Quick revision

ISRO 1969.
Chandrayaan-3: 23 Aug 2023.
Pressure ↑ → boiling point ↑.

Practice MCQs

Who discovered penicillin in 1928?
1. Alexander Fleming
2. Louis Pasteur
3. Edward Jenner
4. Robert Koch
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Answer: (a) Alexander Fleming. It was the first widely used antibiotic.
The double-helix structure of DNA was proposed in 1953 by
1. Fleming and Florey
2. Mendel and Darwin
3. Bohr and Rutherford
4. Watson and Crick
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Answer: (d) Watson and Crick. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images were key evidence.
The headquarters of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is in
1. New Delhi
2. Sriharikota
3. Thiruvananthapuram
4. Bengaluru
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Answer: (d) Bengaluru. Sriharikota is the launch centre.
Chandrayaan-3's lander touched down near the Moon's south pole on
1. 14 July 2023
2. 23 August 2023
3. 22 July 2019
4. 15 August 2022
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Answer: (b) 23 August 2023. India became the first country to land near the lunar south pole.
Food cooks faster in a pressure cooker because
1. higher pressure raises the boiling point of water
2. pressure lowers the boiling point
3. steam escapes quickly
4. the metal is thicker
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Answer: (a) higher pressure raises the boiling point of water. Water boils above 100 °C inside the cooker.
Who developed the first vaccine, against smallpox?
1. Edward Jenner
2. Louis Pasteur
3. Jonas Salk
4. Alexander Fleming
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Answer: (a) Edward Jenner. Jenner used cowpox material in 1796.

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.