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Sandhi and compound formation

Telugu — Subject Knowledge (130 marks) · Sandhi and compound formation

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher

Overview

Telugu sandhi joins sounds at word boundaries; samasa (compounds) join words — both native Telugu and Sanskrit-derived rules are used.

Key points

  • Telugu sandhis include akara, ikara and ukara sandhi.
  • Sanskrit sandhis used in Telugu: savarna-deergha, guna, vruddhi and yanadesa.
  • Samasa types: tatpurusha, karmadharaya, dvigu, dvandva, bahuvrihi.
  • Dvandva joins equal words (e.g. "mother and father").
  • Bahuvrihi refers to something outside the compound.
  • Splitting (vigrahavakyam) explains a compound.

Explanation

  • Many literary words follow Sanskrit sandhi.
  • Correct splitting avoids misreading poems.
  • Compare compounds across Indian languages.
  • Use textbook words for practice.
  • Teach sandhi with sound charts.

Step by step

  1. Split the word or compound.
  2. Name the sandhi or samasa type.
  3. Check with the rule.

Examples

  • A compound naming two parents together → dvandva.
  • A compound with a number as first part → dvigu.
  • Explaining a compound by splitting → vigrahavakyam.

Traps and advanced points

  • Trap: Mixing Telugu and Sanskrit sandhi.
  • Trap: Confusing bahuvrihi and karmadharaya.
  • Trap: No splitting before identifying.

Quick revision

  • Telugu and Sanskrit sandhis.
  • Five samasa types.
  • Vigrahavakyam.

Practice MCQs

  1. In Telugu grammar, a compound word is called a

    1. guninthamu
    2. sandhi
    3. samasam
    4. chandassu

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (c) samasam. Sandhi is the joining of sounds.

  2. Atva, itva and utva sandhis are

    1. native Telugu sandhis
    2. Sanskrit metres
    3. types of poems
    4. Urdu letters

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (a) native Telugu sandhis. They are named after the vowel that changes.

  3. Savarnadeergha sandhi in Telugu is borrowed from

    1. Sanskrit grammar
    2. English grammar
    3. Persian grammar
    4. Tamil only

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Sanskrit grammar. Two similar vowels merge into a long vowel.

  4. Sandhi means

    1. a meaningless word
    2. a type of poem
    3. the joining of sounds where two words meet
    4. a punctuation mark

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (c) the joining of sounds where two words meet. Compound formation (samasam) joins words in meaning.

  5. Dvandva and tatpurusha are names of

    1. types of samasam
    2. types of metres
    3. types of drama
    4. verb tenses

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (a) types of samasam. These categories come from Sanskrit grammar.

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.