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Protected Areas
Environment & Ecology
Useful for: UPSC Civil Services
Overview
India’s protected-area network includes national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation and community reserves, tiger reserves and biosphere reserves.
Key points
- National parks allow no rights of local people inside (except as specified); wildlife sanctuaries allow some regulated activities.
- Conservation reserves and community reserves were added by the 2002 amendment to the Wildlife (Protection) Act.
- Tiger reserves are notified under the National Tiger Conservation Authority created by the 2006 amendment; Project Tiger began in 1973; Project Elephant in 1992.
- Biosphere reserves have core, buffer and transition zones; several are in UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere network.
- Jim Corbett (1936, as Hailey National Park) was India’s first national park.
- Gir is the only home of the Asiatic lion; Kaziranga is known for the one-horned rhinoceros.
Practice MCQs
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Protected Areas is correct?
- Protected Areas has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
- India uses multiple protected-area categories under different legal and management frameworks.
- Every biosphere reserve is identical in legal status and boundary to a National Park.
- Protected Areas is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
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Answer: (b) India uses multiple protected-area categories under different legal and management frameworks.. India uses multiple protected-area categories under different legal and management frameworks.
Consider the following statements on Protected Areas, focusing on definition and scope: 1. India uses multiple protected-area categories under different legal and management frameworks. 2. Every biosphere reserve is identical in legal status and boundary to a National Park. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct; Statement 2 is a common misconception.
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