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Plant pathology and economic botany

Botany (45 marks) · Plant pathology and economic botany

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher

Overview

Plant pathology studies plant diseases and their control; economic botany studies plants useful to humans.

Key points

  • Fungal diseases: rust of wheat, late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans, linked to the Irish famine).
  • Bacterial disease: citrus canker.
  • Viral disease: tobacco mosaic virus.
  • Control: resistant varieties, crop rotation, fungicides, quarantine.
  • Economic plants: cereals (rice, wheat), pulses, fibres (cotton, jute), beverages (tea, coffee), spices.
  • Medicinal plants include neem, tulsi and ashwagandha.

Explanation

  • Integrated pest management reduces chemical use.
  • Biofertilisers (Rhizobium, blue-green algae) improve soil fertility.
  • Seed treatment prevents seed-borne diseases.
  • Plant quarantine stops spread across borders.
  • Traditional knowledge guides medicinal plant use.

Step by step

  1. Identify the concept, rule or fact asked.
  2. Recall the definition, formula, example or year.
  3. Apply it and eliminate mismatched options.

Examples

  • Late blight of potato → Phytophthora infestans.
  • Tobacco mosaic → virus.
  • Jute → fibre crop.

Traps and advanced points

  • Trap: Calling late blight bacterial.
  • Trap: Mixing fibre and beverage crops.
  • Trap: Overuse of fungicides.

Quick revision

  • Fungal, bacterial, viral examples.
  • IPM.
  • Economic plant groups.

Practice MCQs

  1. Late blight of potato, which caused the Irish famine, is caused by

    1. Tobacco mosaic virus
    2. Puccinia graminis
    3. Xanthomonas citri
    4. Phytophthora infestans

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    Show answer

    Answer: (d) Phytophthora infestans. It is an oomycete pathogen.

  2. Black stem rust of wheat is caused by

    1. Albugo candida
    2. Phytophthora infestans
    3. Colletotrichum falcatum
    4. Puccinia graminis tritici

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    Answer: (d) Puccinia graminis tritici. Rusts are fungal diseases.

  3. Red rot of sugarcane is caused by

    1. Pythium
    2. Puccinia graminis
    3. Xanthomonas oryzae
    4. Colletotrichum falcatum

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    Answer: (d) Colletotrichum falcatum. It is a fungal disease of the stalk.

  4. Bordeaux mixture, an early fungicide, is made of

    1. salt and water
    2. sulphur and lime
    3. zinc and lead
    4. copper sulphate and lime

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    Answer: (d) copper sulphate and lime. It was developed in France against downy mildew.

  5. Natural rubber is obtained mainly from

    1. Gossypium hirsutum
    2. Corchorus capsularis
    3. Cinchona officinalis
    4. Hevea brasiliensis

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    Answer: (d) Hevea brasiliensis. Corchorus gives jute, Cinchona gives quinine.

  6. Quinine, used against malaria, is obtained from

    1. Rauvolfia
    2. Cinchona
    3. Papaver
    4. Azadirachta

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    Answer: (b) Cinchona. It comes from the bark.

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.