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Parts of speech and morphology

Telugu — Subject Knowledge (130 marks) · Parts of speech and morphology

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher

Overview

Telugu grammar classifies words into nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and indeclinables, and builds words through suffixes and inflection.

Key points

  • Nouns are nama vachakalu; pronouns sarvanamalu; adjectives visheshanalu; verbs kriyalu.
  • Avyayalu are indeclinable words that do not change form.
  • Telugu is agglutinative: suffixes are added to roots to show case, number and tense.
  • Vibhakti (case) markers attach to nouns (e.g. -ni, -ku, -lo).
  • Plural is often formed with -lu.
  • Verbs inflect for tense, person, number and gender.

Explanation

  • Traditional Telugu grammar draws on Andhra Shabda Chintamani, attributed to Nannaya.
  • Morphological analysis helps spelling and meaning.
  • Compare Telugu with other Dravidian languages.
  • Teach parts of speech through texts.
  • Word games build morphology awareness.

Step by step

  1. Identify the word class or suffix.
  2. Recall the grammatical term and an example.
  3. Match the option to the rule.

Examples

  • Adding -lu to form plurals → number marking.
  • Case marker -lo meaning "in" → locative vibhakti.
  • Words that do not change form → avyayalu.

Traps and advanced points

  • Trap: Treating Telugu as inflection-free.
  • Trap: Mixing case markers.
  • Trap: Wrong grammar text attribution.

Quick revision

  • Five main word classes.
  • Agglutinative morphology.
  • Vibhakti markers.

Practice MCQs

  1. Telugu is described as an agglutinative language because

    1. words never change
    2. suffixes are added one after another to a root
    3. it has no grammar
    4. it uses only prefixes

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    Show answer

    Answer: (b) suffixes are added one after another to a root. Case, number and tense markers attach as suffixes.

  2. The usual word order of a Telugu sentence is

    1. subject–verb–object
    2. subject–object–verb
    3. verb–subject–object
    4. object–verb–subject

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    Show answer

    Answer: (b) subject–object–verb. The verb normally comes at the end.

  3. Telugu mostly uses

    1. postpositions
    2. prepositions
    3. articles
    4. infixes

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    Answer: (a) postpositions. Relation words follow the noun.

  4. The common plural suffix in Telugu, as in pustakalu (books), is

    1. -an
    2. -s
    3. -lu
    4. -ka

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    Answer: (c) -lu. Pustakam becomes pustakalu.

  5. In Telugu, the verb usually agrees with the subject in

    1. colour
    2. person, number and gender
    3. tense only
    4. nothing

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    Show answer

    Answer: (b) person, number and gender. Verb endings change with the subject.

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.