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Parliament, President & Judiciary

General Awareness · Indian Polity

Useful for: SSC CGL, OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher, UPSC NDA/NA, UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF (AC), OSEPA Upper Primary — Arts, OSSC Political Science, OSSSC Govt TGT Arts

and 3 more exams

SSB Language Teachers, SSB Lecturer (Degree Colleges), SSB TGT Arts

हिंदी में पढ़ें

Overview

The Union government has three organs: Parliament makes laws, the executive headed by the President acts on ministers’ advice, and the judiciary interprets the Constitution.

Key points

The President is elected by elected MPs and elected MLAs of states and of Delhi and Puducherry; term five years; impeachment under Article 61.
Ordinances are issued by the President under Article 123 when Parliament is not in session.
Rajya Sabha: maximum 250 members (238 elected, 12 nominated); the Vice-President is its ex-officio Chairman.
A Money Bill (Article 110) can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha; the Speaker decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill.
Supreme Court judges retire at 65; High Court judges at 62.

Explanation

A joint sitting (Article 108) is presided over by the Speaker; it is not available for Money Bills or constitutional amendments.
The Rajya Sabha can delay a Money Bill for at most 14 days.
Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court: Article 131 (disputes between the Centre and states).
The Union Budget is the "Annual Financial Statement" under Article 112.

Step by step

Identify the exact fact asked (person, year, article, place).
Recall it from a linked group, not in isolation.
Eliminate options from the wrong period or category.

Examples

Who decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill? → the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
A joint sitting of Parliament is presided over by → the Speaker.
The retirement age of a Supreme Court judge is → 65 years.

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Thinking the Rajya Sabha can reject a Money Bill.
Trap: Saying the Vice-President presides over joint sittings.
Trap: Mixing retirement ages of Supreme Court and High Court judges.

Quick revision

Speaker: Money Bill + joint sitting.
Ordinance: Art 123; impeachment: Art 61.
SC 65, HC 62.

Practice MCQs

What is the maximum sanctioned strength of the Lok Sabha as per the Constitution?
1. 550
2. 552
3. 250
4. 545
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Answer: (a) 550. Article 81 fixes the maximum Lok Sabha strength at 550 — up to 530 members from the States and up to 20 from the Union Territories. The earlier provision for 2 nominated Anglo-Indian members (Art 331) lapsed after the 104th Amendment (2020), so the old figure of 552 is no longer the constitutional maximum. (Rajya Sabha maximum = 250.)
The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of which house?
1. Lok Sabha
2. Rajya Sabha
3. Both houses
4. State Legislative Council
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Answer: (b) Rajya Sabha. Vice-President Rajya Sabha ka ex-officio Chairman hota hai.
At what age does a judge of the Supreme Court of India retire?
1. 65 years
2. 70 years
3. 62 years
4. 60 years
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Answer: (a) 65 years. Supreme Court judge 65 saal me retire hote hain.
The President of India is elected by whom?
1. Only by Lok Sabha
2. By the Supreme Court
3. Directly by the people
4. Electoral College of elected MPs and MLAs
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Answer: (d) Electoral College of elected MPs and MLAs. President ko Electoral College chunta hai — jisme elected MPs (dono houses) aur elected MLAs (states + Delhi/Puducherry) hote hain, single transferable vote se.
Which Article deals with the amendment procedure of the Constitution?
1. Article 356
2. Article 370
3. Article 352
4. Article 368
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Answer: (d) Article 368. Article 368 amendment procedure deta hai.
A money bill can be introduced only in which house?
1. Either house
2. Joint session
3. Rajya Sabha
4. Lok Sabha
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Answer: (d) Lok Sabha. Money Bill sirf Lok Sabha me introduce ho sakta hai (President ki recommendation se).
How many members of the Rajya Sabha retire every two years?
1. One-third
2. One-fourth
3. All members
4. One-half
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Answer: (a) One-third. Rajya Sabha permanent house hai (kabhi dissolve nahi hoti).
Judicial Review in the Indian Constitution is primarily borrowed from:
1. Canada
2. Australia
3. Britain
4. USA
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Answer: (d) USA. Judicial Review USA se liya gaya — jisse court kisi law ki constitutionality check kar sakti hai aur use void ghoshit kar sakti hai.
Who administers the oath of office to the President of India?
1. Prime Minister
2. Chief Justice of India
3. Speaker of Lok Sabha
4. Vice-President
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Answer: (b) Chief Justice of India. President ko oath Chief Justice of India (CJI) dilaate hain; CJI ke absence me senior-most SC judge.
The power of the President to grant pardon is mentioned under which Article?
1. Article 78
2. Article 72
3. Article 74
4. Article 76
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Answer: (b) Article 72. Article 72 — President ki pardoning power (pardon, commute, remit, respite, reprieve).
Static-GK drill: Article 360 of the Constitution is principally associated with which of the following?
1. Financial Emergency
2. President’s Rule
3. National Emergency
4. Money Bill
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Answer: (a) Financial Emergency. Article 360 of the Constitution is principally associated with Financial Emergency.
Concept check: The anti-defection provisions are in which Schedule?
1. Ninth Schedule
2. Tenth Schedule
3. Eighth Schedule
4. Eleventh Schedule
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Answer: (b) Tenth Schedule. The anti-defection provisions are in Tenth Schedule.
Static-GK drill: Municipality subjects are listed in which Schedule?
1. Tenth Schedule
2. Eighth Schedule
3. Twelfth Schedule
4. Eleventh Schedule
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Answer: (c) Twelfth Schedule. Municipality subjects are listed in Twelfth Schedule.
Concept check: The Vice-President of India is ex-officio Chairman of which House?
1. Legislative Council
2. Lok Sabha
3. Joint Sitting
4. Rajya Sabha
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Answer: (d) Rajya Sabha. The Vice-President of India is ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
The anti-defection provisions are in which Schedule?
1. Ninth Schedule
2. Eighth Schedule
3. Tenth Schedule
4. Eleventh Schedule
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Answer: (c) Tenth Schedule. The anti-defection provisions are in Tenth Schedule.