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Integral Calculus

Mathematics

Useful for: UPSC NDA/NA

Overview

Integral calculus finds antiderivatives and areas; definite integrals give accumulated quantities.

Key points

  • ∫ xⁿ dx = xⁿ⁺¹/(n + 1) + C (n ≠ −1).
  • ∫ (1/x) dx = ln |x| + C; ∫ eˣ dx = eˣ + C.
  • ∫ sin x dx = −cos x + C; ∫ cos x dx = sin x + C.
  • Integration by parts: ∫ u dv = uv − ∫ v du.
  • A definite integral from a to b equals F(b) − F(a).
  • Area under a curve is a definite integral (taking sign into account).

Practice MCQs

  1. From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Integral Calculus is correct?

    1. Integral Calculus has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
    2. Integral Calculus questions reward a formula-first approach and accurate algebraic manipulation.
    3. Do not apply a memorized Integral Calculus formula without checking its conditions.
    4. Integral Calculus is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.

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    Answer: (b) Integral Calculus questions reward a formula-first approach and accurate algebraic manipulation.. Integral Calculus questions reward a formula-first approach and accurate algebraic manipulation.

  2. Consider the following statements on Integral Calculus, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Integral Calculus questions reward a formula-first approach and accurate algebraic manipulation. 2. Check domains, signs and units before finalizing the option. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2

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    Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2. Both statements are correct.

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