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Gender, number and agreement

Urdu — Subject Knowledge (130 marks) · Gender, number and agreement

Useful for: OSSC RHT — Regular High School Teacher

Overview

Urdu nouns have masculine or feminine gender and singular or plural number; verbs and adjectives agree with them.

Key points

  • Masculine is muzakkar; feminine is muannas.
  • Singular is wahid; plural is jama.
  • Many masculine nouns end in -a and change to -e in plural (larka → larke).
  • Feminine nouns often take -en or -iyan in plural (kitab → kitaben, larki → larkiyan).
  • Adjectives ending in -a agree in gender and number (achha, achhi, achhe).
  • Verbs agree with the subject (or object in some past-tense constructions).

Explanation

  • Arabic plurals (broken plurals) also occur in literary Urdu.
  • Gender of inanimate nouns must be memorised.
  • Agreement errors are common for learners.
  • Practise with noun–adjective–verb drills.
  • Compare with Hindi agreement.

Step by step

  1. Identify gender and number.
  2. Apply agreement.
  3. Choose the correct form.

Examples

  • "Larka" → plural "larke".
  • "Kitab" → plural "kitaben".
  • "Achhi kitab" → feminine adjective agreement.

Traps and advanced points

  • Trap: Wrong gender for inanimate nouns.
  • Trap: Ignoring adjective agreement.
  • Trap: Mixing singular and plural forms.

Quick revision

  • Muzakkar, muannas.
  • Wahid, jama.
  • Adjective and verb agreement.

Practice MCQs

  1. Urdu nouns have how many grammatical genders?

    1. One
    2. Three
    3. Two
    4. Four

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (c) Two. Muzakkar (masculine) and mo'annas (feminine).

  2. 'Mo'annas' means

    1. masculine
    2. feminine
    3. plural
    4. singular

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    Show answer

    Answer: (b) feminine. Muzakkar means masculine.

  3. 'Kitab' (book) in Urdu is

    1. feminine
    2. masculine
    3. neuter
    4. plural only

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    Show answer

    Answer: (a) feminine. We say 'kitab achhi hai'.

  4. The plural of 'larka' (boy) is

    1. larkaat
    2. larkiyan
    3. larkon only
    4. larke

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (d) larke. Masculine nouns ending in -a change to -e.

  5. In Urdu, the verb usually agrees with the subject in

    1. colour
    2. gender and number
    3. case only
    4. nothing

    Read chapter notes · Similar questions

    Show answer

    Answer: (b) gender and number. 'Larka jata hai' but 'larki jati hai'.

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.