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Energy Technologies
Science & Technology
Useful for: UPSC Civil Services
Overview
India’s energy transition combines solar, wind, storage, green hydrogen and biofuels with grid modernisation.
Key points
- Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis using renewable electricity; grey hydrogen comes from natural gas without carbon capture; blue hydrogen uses carbon capture.
- The National Green Hydrogen Mission was approved in 2023.
- Lithium-ion batteries dominate storage; sodium-ion batteries are an emerging alternative.
- Pumped storage hydro stores energy by moving water between reservoirs.
- India targets 20% ethanol blending in petrol (E20).
- Solar photovoltaic cells convert light directly into electricity.
Practice MCQs
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Energy Technologies is correct?
- Energy Technologies is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
- Energy Technologies has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
- Solar photovoltaics convert light directly into electricity using semiconductor effects.
- Hydrogen is a primary energy source found freely in usable form and requires no energy for production.
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Answer: (c) Solar photovoltaics convert light directly into electricity using semiconductor effects.. Solar photovoltaics convert light directly into electricity using semiconductor effects.
Consider the following statements on Energy Technologies, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Hydrogen is a primary energy source found freely in usable form and requires no energy for production. 2. Solar photovoltaics convert light directly into electricity using semiconductor effects. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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Answer: (b) 2 only. Statement 2 is correct; Statement 1 is a common misconception.
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