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Ecology, Biodiversity & Protected Areas

General Awareness · Environment & Ecology

Useful for: SSC CGL

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Overview

Environment items test ecological concepts, biodiversity hotspots, key protected areas and major laws and conventions.

Key points

Energy transfer follows the 10% law between trophic levels.
India has parts of four global biodiversity hotspots: Himalaya, Western Ghats–Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Sundaland (Nicobar).
Jim Corbett (1936, then Hailey National Park) is India’s first national park; Project Tiger began in 1973.
Gir (Gujarat) is the only home of the Asiatic lion; Kaziranga (Assam) is famous for the one-horned rhinoceros.
Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972; Environment (Protection) Act 1986.

Explanation

Ramsar Convention on wetlands: 1971, Ramsar, Iran.
National parks have stricter protection than wildlife sanctuaries.
Biosphere reserves have core, buffer and transition zones.
Chilika (Odisha) is India’s largest brackish-water lagoon and a Ramsar site.

Step by step

Identify the exact fact asked (person, year, article, place).
Recall it from a linked group, not in isolation.
Eliminate options from the wrong period or category.

Examples

The only home of the Asiatic lion → Gir National Park, Gujarat.
Project Tiger was launched in → 1973.
The Ramsar Convention concerns → wetlands (1971).

Traps and advanced points

Trap: Counting hotspots as three.
Trap: Mixing Kaziranga (rhino) and Gir (lion).
Trap: Placing Ramsar in the 1990s.

Quick revision

10% law.
Four hotspots.
1972 Act, 1973 Project Tiger, 1986 Act.

Practice MCQs

Which national park in Assam is famous for the one-horned rhinoceros?
1. Periyar
2. Gir
3. Sundarbans
4. Kaziranga
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Answer: (d) Kaziranga. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
India's first national park, set up in 1936, is now known as
1. Jim Corbett National Park
2. Kanha National Park
3. Bandipur National Park
4. Ranthambore National Park
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Answer: (a) Jim Corbett National Park. It was first named Hailey National Park.
The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation of
1. deserts
2. wetlands
3. mountains
4. coral reefs only
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Answer: (b) wetlands. It was signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971.
Project Tiger was launched in India in
1. 2000
2. 1985
3. 1952
4. 1973
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Answer: (d) 1973. It began with nine tiger reserves.
According to the 10 per cent law, about how much energy passes from one trophic level to the next?
1. 90%
2. 50%
3. 10%
4. 1%
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Answer: (c) 10%. Most energy is lost as heat; the law is linked to Lindeman.
Bhitarkanika in Odisha is known for
1. coral atolls
2. snow leopards
3. desert foxes
4. mangroves and saltwater crocodiles
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Answer: (d) mangroves and saltwater crocodiles. It lies in the Brahmani–Baitarani delta.

Notes and questions are written by Kundali IQ for practice. They are not official papers; always check the latest official notification for the syllabus and pattern.