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Tissues in Action – Class 9 Science notes, important questions and MCQs

NCERT Class 9 Science, chapter 3. Notes, key terms, important questions with answers and MCQs.

Chapter overview

A tissue is a group of similar cells doing a particular job. Plants have meristematic and permanent tissues; animals have epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues.

Plant tissues

Meristematic (dividing): apical (tips of root and shoot, length), lateral/cambium (girth), intercalary (at nodes).
Simple permanent: parenchyma (storage), collenchyma (flexibility), sclerenchyma (strength, husk of coconut).
Complex permanent: xylem (water, minerals) and phloem (food).

Animal tissues

Epithelial: covers and lines organs (skin, lining of mouth).
Connective: blood, bone, cartilage, ligament (bone to bone), tendon (muscle to bone), adipose (fat).
Muscular: striated (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), cardiac (heart, involuntary, never tires).
Nervous: neurons carry messages.

Key terms

Tissue: a group of similar cells performing a common function
Meristem: plant tissue whose cells keep dividing
Ligament: connects bone to bone
Tendon: connects muscle to bone

Formulas

Blood = plasma + RBC + WBC + platelets

Important questions with answers

What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?2 marks

A tendon joins muscle to bone and is strong but not very flexible. A ligament joins bone to bone and is elastic.

Name the three types of muscle tissue and give one place where each is found.3 marks

Skeletal (striated, voluntary) in limbs; smooth (unstriated, involuntary) in the walls of the stomach and intestine; cardiac (striated, involuntary) in the heart.

Describe xylem and phloem: their components and functions. Why are they called complex tissues?5 marks

Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres; it carries water and minerals upward from the roots and gives support. Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres; it carries food made in the leaves to other parts of the plant. They are called complex tissues because each is made of more than one type of cell working together as a unit.

Quick revision

Apical meristem increases length.
Xylem and phloem are complex tissues.
Blood is a fluid connective tissue.

Exam tips

Ligament vs tendon is a favourite MCQ — "L for links bones".
Cardiac muscle is striated but involuntary.

Practice MCQs

Which tissue increases the length of the stem?
1. apical meristem
2. lateral meristem
3. parenchyma
4. phloem
Show answer
Answer: (a) apical meristem. Apical meristem at tips.
Blood is a type of
1. epithelial tissue
2. nervous tissue
3. muscular tissue
4. connective tissue
Show answer
Answer: (d) connective tissue. Fluid connective tissue.
The husk of a coconut is made of
1. parenchyma
2. collenchyma
3. xylem
4. sclerenchyma
Show answer
Answer: (d) sclerenchyma. Sclerenchyma.
A tendon connects
1. bone to bone
2. muscle to muscle
3. muscle to bone
4. nerve to muscle
Show answer
Answer: (c) muscle to bone. Tendon.
The heart is made of
1. smooth muscle
2. striated muscle
3. adipose tissue
4. cardiac muscle
Show answer
Answer: (d) cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle.
Food in plants is carried by
1. phloem
2. xylem
3. cambium
4. epidermis
Show answer
Answer: (a) phloem. Phloem.
Which muscle is striated yet involuntary?
1. skeletal
2. smooth
3. none
4. cardiac
Show answer
Answer: (d) cardiac. Cardiac muscle.
Increase in the girth of a stem is due to
1. apical meristem
2. lateral meristem (cambium)
3. intercalary meristem
4. sclerenchyma
Show answer
Answer: (b) lateral meristem (cambium). Cambium.

All chapters of Class 9 Science

Written by Kundali IQ from standard, well-established facts to help with revision. This is not an official NCERT publication; always read your textbook too.