Kundali IQ
Menu ☰
SSC Maths AcademyHomeSchool 6–12Free notesExplore allMy study planSearchExamsTeachers & parentsPricingFAQOpen appGet it on Google Play

Home › Free notes › Class 11 Computer Science › Emerging Trends

Emerging Trends – Class 11 Computer Science notes, important questions and MCQs

NCERT Class 11 Computer Science, chapter 3. Notes, key terms, important questions with answers and MCQs.

हिंदी में पढ़ें

Chapter overview

Emerging trends in computing are new technologies that are changing how we live and work. They include artificial intelligence and machine learning, big data, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, blockchain, robotics, immersive experiences such as virtual and augmented reality, grid computing and natural language processing. These technologies bring benefits but also raise concerns about privacy, security and jobs.

AI, big data and IoT

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) enables machines to mimic human intelligence; machine learning lets systems learn from data without explicit programming; natural language processing (NLP) lets computers understand human language, as in voice assistants and translation.
  • Big data refers to very large and complex data sets, characterised by volume, velocity, variety, veracity and value; data analytics extracts useful patterns from it.
  • The Internet of Things (IoT) connects everyday devices with sensors to the internet, such as smart homes and smart cities; web of things allows them to communicate through web technologies.

Cloud, blockchain and others

  • Cloud computing delivers computing services over the internet: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS).
  • Blockchain is a decentralised, shared digital ledger in which each block of records is linked and secured, used in cryptocurrencies and secure records.
  • Robotics builds machines that perform tasks, including drones; immersive experiences include virtual reality (fully simulated environment) and augmented reality (digital information over the real world); grid computing combines resources of many computers for large tasks.

Key terms

Artificial intelligence
the ability of machines to perform tasks that need human intelligence
Machine learning
AI in which systems learn from data
Internet of Things
a network of everyday devices connected to the internet
Cloud computing
delivery of computing services over the internet
Blockchain
a decentralised, shared and secure digital ledger

Important questions with answers

What is the Internet of Things?2 marks

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of everyday physical devices, such as appliances, vehicles and sensors, that are connected to the internet and can collect and exchange data, for example smart meters and home automation.

Explain the three service models of cloud computing.3 marks

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides virtual hardware such as servers and storage. Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a platform with tools for developers to build and run applications. Software as a Service (SaaS) provides complete applications over the internet, such as online office tools and email.

Discuss any four emerging trends in computing with examples.5 marks

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as recognising speech, translating languages, playing games and making decisions. Machine learning, a branch of AI, enables systems to learn patterns from data, as in spam filters, recommendation systems and face recognition. Big data refers to extremely large and fast-growing data sets from social media, sensors and transactions; its characteristics include volume, velocity, variety, veracity and value, and analysing it helps businesses and governments make decisions, for example in predicting traffic or disease outbreaks. The Internet of Things connects devices such as smart bulbs, smart watches, sensors in agriculture and smart meters to the internet so they can exchange data and be controlled remotely; it is used in smart cities to manage traffic, water and electricity. Cloud computing provides storage, computing power and software over the internet on demand, through IaaS, PaaS and SaaS, reducing the need for local infrastructure, as when students store files online. Blockchain provides a secure, decentralised ledger used in cryptocurrency, supply chains and land records. These trends offer efficiency and convenience but raise issues of privacy, data security, job displacement and the digital divide, which must be addressed responsibly.

Quick revision

  • AI, machine learning, NLP.
  • Big data and its characteristics.
  • IoT and smart cities.
  • Cloud, blockchain, robotics, VR/AR, grid computing.

Exam tips

  • Remember the cloud models: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS.
  • List the 5 Vs of big data.

Practice MCQs

  1. A network of everyday devices connected to the internet is

    1. blockchain
    2. VR
    3. grid computing
    4. Internet of Things
    Show answer

    Answer: (d) Internet of Things. Smart homes use it.

  2. Delivering computing services over the internet is

    1. robotics
    2. NLP
    3. big data
    4. cloud computing
    Show answer

    Answer: (d) cloud computing. Examples include online storage.

  3. Machines that mimic human intelligence show

    1. virtual reality
    2. IoT
    3. blockchain
    4. artificial intelligence
    Show answer

    Answer: (d) artificial intelligence. AI includes learning and reasoning.

  4. A fully computer-generated environment that a user can enter is

    1. virtual reality
    2. augmented reality
    3. cloud computing
    4. grid computing
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) virtual reality. It needs a headset.

  5. Providing ready-to-use applications such as online email over the internet is

    1. IaaS
    2. PaaS
    3. SaaS
    4. grid computing
    Show answer

    Answer: (c) SaaS. Software as a Service.

  6. The technology behind most cryptocurrencies is

    1. blockchain
    2. robotics
    3. NLP
    4. VR
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) blockchain. It is a decentralised ledger.

  7. Which is NOT usually listed as a V of big data

    1. volume
    2. velocity
    3. variety
    4. visibility
    Show answer

    Answer: (d) visibility. The Vs include volume, velocity, variety, veracity and value.

  8. Augmented reality differs from virtual reality because it

    1. overlays digital information on the real world
    2. creates a fully separate world
    3. needs no device
    4. works only offline
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) overlays digital information on the real world. Navigation overlays are an example.

All chapters of Class 11 Computer Science

Written by Kundali IQ from standard, well-established facts to help with revision. This is not an official NCERT publication; always read your textbook too.