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पर्यावरण

बेसिक साइंस और इंजीनियरिंग

इन परीक्षाओं के लिए उपयोगी: Railway RRB, CTET, OTET, UPSC NDA/NA, UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF (AC), Junior Teacher, OSEPA Primary Teacher / JT Category-I

और 6 परीक्षाएँ

OSSC Science, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — CBZ, OSSSC Govt TGT Science — PCM, Special OTET, SSB TGT CBZ, SSB TGT PCM

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सार

ऊर्जा संरक्षण और पर्यावरण की रक्षा लागत और प्रदूषण घटाते हैं; कुशल उपकरण और 3R इसके मुख्य साधन हैं।

मुख्य बिंदु

नवीकरणीय: सौर, पवन, जल, जैवभार; अनवीकरणीय: कोयला, पेट्रोलियम, प्राकृतिक गैस।
LED समान प्रकाश के लिए तापदीप्त बल्बों से बहुत कम बिजली लेते हैं।
BEE स्टार लेबल: अधिक स्टार का अर्थ अधिक ऊर्जा दक्षता।
3R: कम करना (reduce), पुनः प्रयोग (reuse), पुनर्चक्रण (recycle)।
प्रदूषण के प्रकार: वायु, जल, मृदा, ध्वनि।

व्याख्या

निष्क्रिय मशीनें और बत्तियाँ बंद करें; संपीडित हवा और पानी के रिसाव ठीक करें।
पुनर्योजी ब्रेकिंग विद्युत रेलगाड़ियों में ऊर्जा बचाती है।
उचित रख-रखाव दक्षता सुधारता है।
कचरे को स्रोत पर ही अलग करें।

चरण-दर-चरण

संबंधित अवधारणा, साधन या नियम पहचानें।
परिभाषा, मान या प्रक्रिया याद करें।
मात्रक, सुरक्षा का तर्क और प्रभाव की दिशा जाँचें।

उदाहरण

BEE लेबल पर अधिक स्टार का अर्थ → अधिक ऊर्जा दक्षता।
एक नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा स्रोत → सौर।
तीन R → कम करना, पुनः प्रयोग, पुनर्चक्रण।

ग़लतियों से बचें और उन्नत बिंदु

सामान्य भूल: प्राकृतिक गैस को नवीकरणीय कहना।
सामान्य भूल: यह मानना कि कम स्टार बेहतर हैं।
सामान्य भूल: रख-रखाव को बचत का उपाय न मानना।

त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

नवीकरणीय बनाम अनवीकरणीय।
BEE स्टार।
3R।

अभ्यास MCQ

During a laboratory exercise on Waste Management, students compare repeated observations. which statement about Waste Management is NOT appropriate?
1. Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.
2. Sort classroom waste into appropriate categories and discuss reduction first.
3. Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.
4. Waste Management should be interpreted according to its purpose and context.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (c) Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.. The NOT-appropriate statement is: Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.
Which statement about Waste Management is NOT appropriate?
1. Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.
2. Sort classroom waste into appropriate categories and discuss reduction first.
3. Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.
4. Waste Management should be interpreted according to its purpose and context.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (c) Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.. The NOT-appropriate statement is: Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.
During a laboratory exercise on Waste Management, students compare repeated observations. A teacher wants to apply Waste Management correctly. Which action is most appropriate?
1. Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.
2. Sort classroom waste into appropriate categories and discuss reduction first.
3. Waste Management is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
4. Waste Management should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (b) Sort classroom waste into appropriate categories and discuss reduction first.. Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.
A teacher wants to apply Waste Management correctly. Which action is most appropriate?
1. Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.
2. Sort classroom waste into appropriate categories and discuss reduction first.
3. Waste Management is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
4. Waste Management should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (b) Sort classroom waste into appropriate categories and discuss reduction first.. Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.
Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Waste Management.
1. Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.
2. Waste Management is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
3. Waste Management should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.
4. Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (d) Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.. Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Waste Management.: Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.
During a laboratory exercise on Waste Management, students compare repeated observations. Choose the most defensible exam-ready conclusion about Waste Management.
1. Mixing all waste together makes recycling easier.
2. Waste Management is useful only for record keeping and has no effect on learning.
3. Waste Management should be applied identically in every situation without checking learner needs.
4. Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (d) Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.. Waste reduction, segregation, reuse, recycling and safe disposal serve different purposes.
From the perspective of definition and scope, which one of the following statements about Environment is correct?
1. Energy flows through food chains while nutrients cycle.
2. Energy is recycled indefinitely through trophic levels.
3. Environment is unrelated to institutions, processes or real-world applications.
4. Environment has no exceptions or limitations in exam analysis.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (a) Energy flows through food chains while nutrients cycle.. Energy flows through food chains while nutrients cycle.
Consider the following statements on Environment, focusing on definition and scope: 1. Energy flows through food chains while nutrients cycle. 2. Energy is recycled indefinitely through trophic levels. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct; Statement 2 is a common misconception.
With reference to Environment (definition and scope), consider the following statements: 1. Energy flows through food chains while nutrients cycle. 2. Climate change and ozone depletion are distinct environmental processes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (c) Both 1 and 2. Both statements are correct.
With reference to Environment (working mechanism), consider the following statements: 1. Energy is recycled indefinitely through trophic levels. 2. Pollution prevention is generally preferable to end-of-pipe treatment. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (b) 2 only. Only statement 2 is correct.
Consider the following statements on Environment, focusing on comparison with related concepts: 1. Biodiversity exists at genetic, species and ecosystem levels. 2. Energy is recycled indefinitely through trophic levels. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct; Statement 2 is a common misconception.
With reference to Environment (conceptual boundary), consider the following statements: 1. Energy is recycled indefinitely through trophic levels. 2. Climate change and ozone depletion are distinct environmental processes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (b) 2 only. Only statement 2 is correct.
From the perspective of institutional design, which one of the following statements about Environment is correct?
1. Community trust can improve intelligence and conflict prevention.
2. The Himalaya are young fold mountains while the Peninsular block is ancient.
3. Biodiversity exists at genetic, species and ecosystem levels.
4. Independent constitutional bodies support elections, audit and public-service recruitment.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (c) Biodiversity exists at genetic, species and ecosystem levels.. Biodiversity exists at genetic, species and ecosystem levels.
With reference to Environment (institutional design), consider the following statements: 1. Energy flow is unidirectional; nutrients cycle. 2. Climate change and ozone depletion are distinct environmental processes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (c) Both 1 and 2. Both statements are correct.
From the perspective of conceptual boundary, which one of the following statements about Environment is correct?
1. Pollution prevention is generally preferable to end-of-pipe treatment.
2. Rivers create erosional and depositional landforms across their course.
3. Community trust can improve intelligence and conflict prevention.
4. Reasoning questions should be solved from stated premises only.
नोट्स देखें · इसी विषय के सवाल
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (a) Pollution prevention is generally preferable to end-of-pipe treatment.. Pollution prevention is generally preferable to end-of-pipe treatment.

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