काल (Tenses)

नियम

1. सामान्य वर्तमान: आदतें और तथ्य।
2. अपूर्ण वर्तमान: अभी चल रहा काम।
3. पूर्ण वर्तमान: अभी पूरा हुआ काम; निश्चित भूतकाल समय नहीं।
4. निश्चित भूतकाल समय (yesterday, last year) के साथ सामान्य भूत।
5. पूर्ण भूत: दो भूतकालीन कार्यों में पहले वाला।
6. 'Since' + समय-बिंदु; 'for' + अवधि, प्रायः perfect tense के साथ।

उदाहरण

• I have lived here since 2019.
• She was cooking when the guests arrived.
• The film had started before we reached.

अभ्यास MCQ

1. Water ___ at 100 °C.

   1. boil
   2. boils
   3. is boiling
   4. boiled
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b) boils. सार्वभौमिक तथ्य के लिए सामान्य वर्तमान।

2. Look! The children ___ in the rain.

   1. play
   2. plays
   3. are playing
   4. played
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (c) are playing. 'Look!' से पता चलता है कि काम अभी हो रहा है।

3. I ___ him yesterday.

   1. have met
   2. met
   3. had met
   4. meet
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b) met. 'Yesterday' निश्चित भूतकाल है, इसलिए सामान्य भूत।

4. She ___ in this office since 2018.

   1. works
   2. is working
   3. has been working
   4. worked
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (c) has been working. 'Since' और जारी कार्य के साथ present perfect continuous।

5. The patient ___ before the doctor arrived.

   1. died
   2. had died
   3. has died
   4. was dying
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b) had died. दो भूतकालीन कार्यों में पहले वाला past perfect में।

6. By next March, I ___ my degree.

   1. complete
   2. will complete
   3. will have completed
   4. completed
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (c) will have completed. 'By' + भविष्य समय के साथ future perfect।

7. Choose the correct sentence.

   1. I am knowing him for years.
   2. I know him for years.
   3. I have known him for years.
   4. I knew him for years now.
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (c) I have known him for years.. 'Know' continuous में नहीं आता; 'for years' के साथ present perfect।