कर्तृवाच्य और कर्मवाच्य

नियम

1. कर्मवाच्य = कर्म कर्ता बनता है + 'be' का रूप + क्रिया का तीसरा रूप (+ by + कर्ता)।
2. 'be' का काल सक्रिय क्रिया के अनुसार: writes → is written; wrote → was written; has written → has been written।
3. मोडल: can write → can be written; must do → must be done।
4. आज्ञार्थक में 'let': Open the door → Let the door be opened।

उदाहरण

• The letter was written by Ravi.
• The work must be finished today.
• English is spoken all over the world.

अभ्यास MCQ

1. Passive of: Ravi writes a letter.

   1. A letter is written by Ravi.
   2. A letter was written by Ravi.
   3. A letter has been written by Ravi.
   4. A letter is being written by Ravi.
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (a) A letter is written by Ravi.. सामान्य वर्तमान 'writes' बनता है 'is written'।

2. Passive of: She cooked the food.

   1. The food is cooked by her.
   2. The food was cooked by her.
   3. The food has been cooked by her.
   4. The food had cooked by her.
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b) The food was cooked by her.. सामान्य भूत 'cooked' बनता है 'was cooked'।

3. Passive of: They are building a bridge.

   1. A bridge is built by them.
   2. A bridge was being built by them.
   3. A bridge is being built by them.
   4. A bridge has been built by them.
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (c) A bridge is being built by them.. अपूर्ण वर्तमान में 'is being + तीसरा रूप'।

4. Passive of: He has completed the task.

   1. The task has completed by him.
   2. The task had been completed by him.
   3. The task has been completed by him.
   4. The task is completed by him.
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (c) The task has been completed by him.. पूर्ण वर्तमान में 'has been + तीसरा रूप'।

5. Passive of: You must obey the rules.

   1. The rules must obey by you.
   2. The rules must be obeyed by you.
   3. The rules are obeyed by you.
   4. The rules must have obeyed.
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b) The rules must be obeyed by you.. मोडल + be + तीसरा रूप।

6. Passive of: Shut the window.

   1. The window is shut.
   2. Let the window be shut.
   3. The window be shut.
   4. Let shut the window.
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b) Let the window be shut.. आज्ञार्थक में 'Let + कर्म + be + तीसरा रूप'।

7. Active of: The thief was caught by the police.

   1. The police catches the thief.
   2. The police caught the thief.
   3. The police had caught the thief.
   4. The police were catching the thief.
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b) The police caught the thief.. 'Was caught' सामान्य भूत कर्मवाच्य है, सक्रिय रूप 'caught'।